tive or Pronoun.

The DEMONSTRATIVE Adjective and Pronoun "that" is rendered in Esperanto
by the word _tiu_ (acc. _tiun_); plural _tiuj_ (acc. _tiujn_), those.
The addition (either before or after) of the particle _cxi_ to the
singular and plural respectively, gives _this_ and _these_. Ex.:

_Tiu viro_, that man. _Tiu estas mia_, that (one) is mine.
_Mi elektas tiun_, I choose that (one).
_Mi preferas tiun cxi_ (or _cxi tiujn_), I prefer this (one).
_Tiuj cxi_ (or _cxi tiuj_) _estas miaj_, these are mine.
_Mi portos tiujn cxi_, I will carry these.

Interrogative Pronouns.

_Kiu?_--who, which? Plural, _kiuj?_ _Kio?_--what? _Kies?_--whose? _Al
kiu?_--to whom? _Kiun?_--whom? (acc.), _kiujn?_ (acc. plu.). Ex.:

_Kiu estas tiu?_--who is that?
_Kiun vi deziras vidi?_--whom do you desire to see?
_Kiuj foriris?_--which (ones) went away?
_Kiujn vi vidis?_--which ones did you see?

_Kiu_ is also used with ADJECTIVAL meaning. Thus: _Kiu libro estas
via?_--which book is yours? _Kiun libron vi preferas?_--which book do
you prefer? _Kiuj domoj apartenas al vi?_--which houses belong to you?
_Kiujn stratojn vi konas?_--which streets do you know? _Kio estas
tio?_--what is that? _Kion li volas?_--what does he want?

The English _-ever_ is translated by _ajn_. For example: _Kiu ajn li
estas, ne parolu al li_, whoever he be, do not speak to him. _Kies ajn_,
whosesoever. _Kiu(j)n ajn_, whomever.

Relative Pronouns.

The Relative Pronouns are identical with the Interrogative: _Kiu(j)_,
who, that, which, _kiu(j)n_, whom, that, which. Ex.:

_La libro, kiun vi legas_, the book (which) you are reading.
_Tiu, kiu parolis al vi_, the one who spoke to you.
_La personoj, kiujn li konas_, the persons (whom) he knows.
_Tio, kion li diras, ne estas vera_, what he says is not true.
_La arbo, kies supron vi vidas_, the tree whose top you can see.

Indefinite Pronouns.

_iu_ (acc. _iun_), anyone, someone or other;
_ies_, anyone's, someone's;
_iuj_ (acc. _iujn_), any persons, some persons or other;
_io_ (acc. _ion_), anything, something.

_cxiu_ (acc. _cxiun_), everyone, each;
_cxies_, everyone's, everybody's, each one's;
_cxiuj_ (acc. _cxiujn_), everybody, all;
_cxio_ (acc. _cxion_), everything, all.

_neniu_ (acc. _neniun_), no one, nobody;
_nenies_, no one's, nobody's;
_nenio_ (acc. _nenion_), nothing, not anything.

NOTE.--_I