alled Kurat, the Evil One; Tuehi or
Tuehja, the Empty One, or rather, perhaps, the Contemptible One; but most
often Vana Pois, the Old Boy; God being frequently called Vana Isa, the
Old Father. He dwells in the underground kingdom, and has three
daughters, or foster-daughters; a hat of invisibility, composed of
nail-parings; a bridge-building wand, and a sword. He has also much gold
and silver plate, and ducks and geese with gold and silver plumage.
These treasures are often carried off by enterprising heroes. The
maidens whom the Kalevipoeg found in the palace of Sarvik do not appear
to have been at all unkindly treated, though they had to work hard, and
much regretted that they had no human company.

Another Devil, more prominent in the _Kalevipoeg_, is Vana Sarvik, or
Old Hornie, who is represented as Tuehi's brother-in-law.

The Devil's underground kingdom is called Porgu, or Hell. His mother
usually appears in the form of a bitch, and his grandmother under that
of a white mare. The minor Esthonian devils are usually stupid rather
than malevolent. They are sometimes ogres or soul-merchants, but are at
times quite ready to do a kindness, or to return one to those who aid
them. Their great enemies are the Thunder-God and the wolf. The
principal outwitter of the devil is generally called Crafty Hans; and
several volumes of their adventures have been published in Esthonian.
The Devil is often represented as fond of beer.

Besides the above-named gods and demons, we have spirits of the
whirlwind and the Northern Lights; gnomes; and a host of inferior
demons, as well as various grades of sorcerers, especially
Wind-sorcerers, Word-sorcerers, or soothsayers, and Death-sorcerers, or
necromancers. The Tont, or House-Spirit, goes by various names; among
others Kratt or Puuk. Kratt is perhaps a word of Scandinavian or German
origin; Puuk must be the same as our Puck, or the Irish Pouka. He was
probably originally a beneficent house-spirit, and in later times
assumed the demoniacal character in which he appears in the story of the
Treasure-Bringer. In the story of "Martin and his Dead Master," we have
a spectre much resembling a vampyre in character.

The gigantic race of the heroes is represented as descended from Taara.
As in the case of so many other hero-races--as, for example, the knights
of Arthur, Finn, Charlemagne, Vladimir, Palmerin, &c.--they are at
length practically destroyed in a series of terrible battles, while