ennsylvania Volunteers [From
a photograph taken 1865.]

General Philip H. Sheridan, U.S.A. [From a photograph taken 1885.]

Battle-Field of Opequon, Va. [September 19, 1864. From the official
map, 1873.]

Brevet Major-General Rutherford B. Hayes [From a photograph taken
from a painting.]

Brevet Colonel Moses M. Granger, 122d Ohio Volunteers [From a
photograph taken 1864.]

Lieutenant-Colonel Aarom W. Ebright, 126th Ohio Volunteers [From
a photograph taken 1864.]

Battle-Field of Fisher's Hill, Va. [September, 1864. From the
official map.]

Major-General George Crook, U.S.A. [From a photograph taken 1888.]

Major-General Geo. W. Getty [From a photograph taken 1864.]

Brigadier-General Wm. H. Seward [From a photograph taken 1864.]

Map of Cedar Creek Battle-Field, Va. [October 19, 1864.]

Captain J. C. Ullery, 110th Ohio Volunteers [From a photograph
taken 1865.]

Brevet Colonel Otho H. Binkley, 110th Ohio Volunteers [From a
photograph taken 1865.]

Petersburg, Va., Fortifications, 1865

Brevet Colonel Clifton K. Prentiss, Sixth Maryland Volunteers [From
a photograph taken 1865.]

Lieutenant-Colonel Wm. N. Foster, 110th Ohio Volunteers [From a
photograph taken 1863.]

John W. Warrington, Private, 110th Ohio Volunteers [From a photograph
taken 1899.]

John B. Elam, Private, 110th Ohio Volunteers [From a photograph
taken 1899.]

Brevet Major-General J. Warren Keifer and Staff, 1865, Third
Division, Sixth Army Corps

J. Warren Keifer, Major-General of Volunteers [From a photograph
taken 1898.]

President McKinley and Major-Generals Keifer, Shafter, Lawton, and
Wheeler [From a photograph taken on ship-deck at Savannah, Ga.,
December 17, 1898.]

SLAVERY AND FOUR YEARS
OF WAR

CHAPTER I
General Observations on Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville
--Battles at Winchester under General Milroy--His Defeat and Retreat
to Harper's Ferry--With Incidents

The Confederate Army, under Lee, invaded Maryland in 1862, and
after the drawn battle of Antietam, September 17th, it retired
through the Shenandoah Valley and the mountain gaps behind the
Rappahannock.

McClellan had failed to take Richmond, and although his army had
fought hard battles on the Chickahominy and at Malvern Hill, it
won no victories that bore fruits save in lists of dead and wounded,
and his army, on being withdrawn from the James in August, 1862,
did not effectively sustain General John Pope at the Second Bull
Run.