g of the 9th of November, his army
was south of this historic stream.

The Army of Northern Virginia never again crossed the Rapidan or
Rappahannock. Henceforth it was to be confined to a narrower
theatre of operations, and a closer defence of the capital of the
Confederate States, but this defence was still to be most memorable
and bloody, even in comparison with what had gone before.

( 1) _War Records_, vol. xxxvi., Part II., p. 34.

( 2) This was in the famous Brough-Vallandigham Ohio election for
Governor.

( 3) _War Records_, vol. xxi., Part I., p. 426.

( 4) This lunch consisted of a box of sardines and "hardtack."

( 5) _War Records_, vol. xxix., Part I., p. 242.

( 6) _Ibid_., pp. 250, 428.

( 7) _War Records_, vol. xxix., Part I., p. 428.

( 8) A string tightly drawn around a bottle where the cut is
desired to be made, and then rapidly drawn back and forth until
the friction heats the glass, renders it easy to be separated by
a sharp jar against the hand or some hard substance.

( 9) Three of these had belonged to Randolph's battery, lost at
Winchester.--_War Records_, vol. xxix., Part I., p. 626.

(10) _Ibid_., pp. 613-616.

(11) _War Records_, vol. xxix., Part I., pp. 611, 616 (Lee's
Report).

CHAPTER V
Mine Run Campaign and Battle of Orange Grove, November, 1863--Winter
Cantonment (1863-64) of Army of the Potomac at Culpeper Court-
House, and its Reorganization--Grant Assigned to Command the Union
Armies, and Preparation for Aggressive War

Though the roads were bad from frequent rains and much use, and
November winds warned that winter was at hand to stop further field
campaigning on an extended scale, and though all attempts to cross
the Rapidan in the fine weather of the spring and summer had failed,
yet, when the Army of the Potomac was again bivouacked at Culpeper,
the public cry was heard--"On to Richmond!"

Lee's last campaign was looked upon in high quarters as a big bluff
that should have been "called" by Meade while the Army of Northern
Virginia was north of the Rappahannock. Meade, however, acted
persistently and conscientiously on his own judgment, formed in
the light of the best knowledge he could obtain. He would not
stand driving, and was something of a bulldozer himself, and
sometimes--said to have been caused by fits of dyspepsia--was
unreasonably irascible, and displayed a most violent temper towards
superiors and inferiors. Notwithstanding this, he ne