e (with gradual emancipation) into
the Union. The proclamation excepted the counties, commonly then
called West Virginia, from its application.

The fruit of the successful occupancy of Western Virginia in 1861
by the Union Army and the consequent failures there in the same
year of the Confederate leaders, Lee, Floyd, Wise, and others, was
the formation of a new State, thenceforth loyal to the flag and
the Constitution.

We now dismiss West Virginia, where we first learned something of
war, but in time shall return to it again. I have in this chapter
dealt more largely in detail than I intend to do in those to follow,
as the reader, if even inexperienced in war, will have by this time
learned sufficient to enable him to comprehend much belonging to
a great military campaign which is often difficult and sometimes
impossible to narrate.

( 1) No order assigning Lee to Western Virginia seems to have been
issued, but see Davis to J. E. Johnston of August 1, 1861, _War
Records_, vol. v., p. 767.

( 2) An abstract of a return of Loring's forces for October, 1861,
shows present for duty 11,700 of all arms.--_War Records_, vol.
v., p. 933.

( 3) While the Third Ohio was temporarily camped in Cheat Mountain
Pass (July, 1861) word came of the Bull Run disaster, and while
brooding over it Colonel John Beatty, in the privacy of our tent,
early one morning before we had arisen, exclaimed in substance:
"That so long as the Union army fought to maintain human slavery
it deserved defeat; that only when it fought for the liberty of
all mankind would God give us victory." Such prophetic talk was
then premature, and if openly uttered would have insured censure
from General McClellan and others.

( 4) This prediction has been fulfilled. Major Wm. McKinley was
inaugurated President of the United States March 4, 1897.

( 5) _Citizen Soldier_ (Beatty), p. 51.

( 6) _Ante_, pp. 161, 196.

( 7) _Citizen Soldier_, p. 60-1.

( 8) William White was then a common pleas Judge; in March, 1864,
he became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, a position he held
until his death. He was appointed by President Arthur and confirmed
by the Senate (March, 1883) United States District Judge for the
Southern District of Ohio; his sudden death prevented his qualifying
and entering upon the duties of the office. He was remarkable for
his judicial learning, combined with simplicity and purity of
character. Born (January 28, 1822) in