ancis E. Clark (q.v.) formed a Young People's Society of
Christian Endeavour in his (Congregational) church at Portland, Maine,
U.S.A. The idea was taken up elsewhere in America and spread to other
countries, till, under the presidency of Dr Clark, a huge number of
affiliated societies came into operation throughout the world. They take
as their motto "For Christ and the Church," and have done much,
especially in the non-episcopal churches, to prepare young men and women
for active services in the Church. The organization is international and
interdenominational, a World's Christian Endeavour Union being formed in
1895. The members do not form a separate denomination, but remain
attached to their respective churches, being grouped in voluntary
district federations.

CHRISTIANIA (officially KRISTIANIA), the capital of Norway, forming a
separate county (_amt_), and the seat of a bishopric (_stift_). Pop.
(1901) 229,101. It lies on the south-eastern coast, at the head of
Christiania Fjord, about 80 m. from the open waters of the Skagerrack,
is 59 deg. 54' N. (about the latitude of the southern extremity of the
Shetland Islands) and 10 deg. 45' E., mainly on the west bank of the small
Aker river. The situation is very beautiful, pine-wooded hills rising
sharply behind the city, while several islands stud the fjord. The town
is mainly modern, having increased rapidly in and since the second half
of the 19th century, when brick and stone largely superseded wood as the
building material. It is the seat of government, of the supreme courts,
of the parliament (_Storthing_), and of a university. The harbour is of
two parts, the Bjoervik, where the larger steamers lie, and the Pipervik,
west of this. On the promontory intervening between these two inlets
stands the old fortress of Akershus, occupied as an arsenal and prison,
and having a pleasant promenade upon its ramparts. Until 1719 it was a
royal palace. At the head of the Bjoervik the principal railway station
(_Hovedbanegaard_) stands in the Jernbanetorv (railway square), and
north-west from this runs the principal street, Karl-Johans-gade. In
this street, passing the Vor Frelsers Kirke (Church of our Saviour), the
Storthings-Bygning (parliament-house, 1866) is seen, facing a handsome
square planted with trees. Beyond this is the National theatre (1899),
with colossal statues of the dramatists Ibsen and Bjoernsen. It faces the
Fridericiana University, housed in three bu