eautiful gardens are laid out, such as Hans
Haugen, Frognersaeter, Holmenkollen, where the famous _ski_ (snow-shoe)
races are held in February, and Voksenkollen. Electric tramways connect
the city and suburbs, and local steamers run from the Pipervik to the
neighbouring islands and fjord-side towns and villages.

Christiania has two railway stations, the Hovedbanegaard by the Bjoervik,
and the Vestbanegaard by the Pipervik. From the first trains run south
to Fredrikshald and Gothenburg, east to Charlottenberg and Stockholm,
north to Hamar and Trondhjem, and Otta in Gudbrandsdal, and to Gjoevik
and the Valdres district. From the west station start the lines to
Drammen, Laurvik, Skien and Kongsberg (for the Telemark district). The
eastward extension of the railway between Bergen and Vossevangen,
undertaken in 1896, had as its ultimate object the connexion of
Christiania and Bergen by rail. With these extensive land communications
Christiania is at once the principal emporium of southern Norway, and a
favourite centre of the extensive tourist traffic. Regular passenger
steamers serve the port from Hull, Newcastle, Grangemouth and London,
from Trondhjem, Bergen and the Norwegian coast towns, from Hamburg,
Amsterdam, Antwerp, &c. Except for two large shipbuilding yards, one
with a floating dock, the other with a dry dock, most of the
manufactories are concentrated in the suburb of Sagene, on the north
side of the city, deriving their motive power from the numerous falls of
the river Aker. They embrace factories for cotton and woollen spinning
and weaving, paper, flour, soap and oil, bricks and tiles, matches,
nails (especially horse-shoe nails), margarine, foundries and
engineering shops, wood-pulp, tobacco, matches, linen, glass,
sail-cloth, hardware, gunpowder, chemicals, with sawmills, breweries and
distilleries. There is also a busy trade in the preparation of granite
paving-stones, and in the storing and packing of ice. Imports greatly
exceed exports, the annual values being about 71/2 and 11/2 millions
sterling respectively. The former consist principally of grain and
flour, cottons and woollens, coffee, iron (raw and manufactured), coal,
bacon and salt meat, oils, sugar, machinery, flax, jute and hemp,
paper-hangings, paints, colours, &c., wines and spirits, raw tobacco,
copper, zinc, lead and tin, silk, molasses and other commodities. The
principal exports are wood-pulp, timber, nails, paper, butter and
margarine, ma