some
serious cases of death after illness, where a coroner's inquest has
shown that the only medical attendance was that of a Christian Science
"healer," the question of criminal responsibility has been prominently
canvassed; but an indictment in England against a healer for
manslaughter in 1906 resulted in an acquittal. The theosophic and the
medical aspects of Christian Science may perhaps be distinguished; the
latter at all events is open to grave abuse. But the modern reaction in
medical practice against drugs, and the increased study of the subject
of "suggestion," have done much to encourage a belief in faith-healing
and in "psychotherapy" generally. In 1908, indeed, a separate movement
(Emmanuel), inspired by the success of Christian Science, and also
emanating from America, was started within the Anglican Communion, its
object being to bring prayer to work on the curing of disease; and this
movement obtained the approval of many leaders of the church in England.

An "authorized" _Life_ of Mrs Eddy, by Sibyl Wilbur (1908), deals with
the subject acceptably to her disciples. "Georgine Milmine's" _Life of
M.B.G. Eddy, and History of Christian Science_ (1909), though not so
acceptable, is a judicious critical account. A detailed indictment
against the whole system, by a competent English doctor (Stephen
Paget), will be found in _The Faith and Works of Christian Science_
(1909).

CHRISTIANSUND (KRISTIANSUND), a seaport on the west coast of Norway, in
Romsdal _amt_ (county), 259 m. N.E. by N. of Bergen, in the latitude of
the Faeroe Islands. Pop. (1901) 11,982. It is built on four small
islands, by which its harbour is enclosed. The chief exports are wood,
cod, herrings and fish products, and butter to Great Britain. The town
is served by the principal steamers between the south Norwegian ports,
Hull, Hamburg, &c, and Trondhjem, and it is the chief port of the
district of Nordmoere. Local steamers serve the neighbouring fjords,
including the Sundalsfjord, from which at Sundalsoeren a driving road
past the fine Dovrefjeld connects with the Gudbrandsdal route. Till
1742, when it received town privileges from Christian VI., Christiansund
was called Lille-Fosen.

CHRISTIE, RICHARD COPLEY (1830-1901), English scholar and bibliophile,
was born on the 22nd of July 1830 at Lenton in Nottinghamshire, the son
of a millowner. He was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, and was
called to the bar at Li