oxalo-derivatives; the cis-dichloro chloride, [CrC2H4(NH2)2Cl2]Cl.H2O,
compound with potassium oxalate gave a carmine red crystalline complex
salt, [Cr{C2H4(NH2)2}C2O4][CrC2H4(NH2)2.(C2O4)2]11/2H2O, while from the
trans-chloride a red complex salt is obtained containing the unaltered
trans-dichloro group [CrC2H4(NH2)2.Cl2].

CHROMOSPHERE (from Gr. [Greek: chroma], colour, and [Greek: sphaira], a
sphere), in astronomy, the red-coloured envelope of the sun, outside of
the photosphere. It can be seen with the eye at the beginning or ending
of a total eclipse of the sun, and with a suitable spectroscope at any
time under favourable conditions. (See SUN and ECLIPSE.)

CHRONICLE (from Gr. [Greek: chronos], time). The historical works
written in the middle ages are variously designated by the terms
"histories," "annals," or "chronicles"; it is difficult, however, to
give an exact definition of each of these terms, since they do not
correspond to determinate classes of writings. The definitions proposed
by A. Giry (in _La Grande Encyclopedie_), by Ch. V. Langlois (in the
_Manuel de bibliographie historique_), and by E. Bernheim (in the
_Lehrbuch der historischen Methode_), are manifestly insufficient.
Perhaps the most reasonable is that propounded by H.F. Delaborde at the
Ecole des Chartes, that chronicles are accounts of a universal
character, while annals relate either to a locality, or to a religious
community, or even to a whole people, but without attempting to treat of
all periods or all peoples. The primitive type, he says, was furnished
by Eusebius of Caesarea, who wrote (c. 303) a chronicle in Greek, which
was soon translated into Latin and frequently recopied throughout the
middle ages; in the form of synoptic and synchronistic tables it
embraced the history of the world, both Jewish and Christian, since the
Creation. This ingenious opinion, however, is only partially exact, for
it is certain that the medieval authors or scribes were not conscious of
any well-marked distinction between annals and chronicles; indeed, they
often apparently employed the terms indiscriminately.

Whether or not a distinction can be made, chronicles and annals (q.v.)
have points of great similarity. Chronicles are accounts generally of an
impersonal character, and often anonymous, composed in varying
proportions of passages reproduced textually from sources which the
chronicler is seldom at pains to indicate, and of p