ncoln's Inn in 1857, and in 1872 became
chancellor of the diocese of Manchester. This he resigned in 1893. He
held numerous appointments, notably the professorships of history (from
1854 to 1856) and of political economy (from 1855 to 1866) at Owens
College, Manchester. He always took an active interest in this college,
of which he was one of the governors; in 1893 he gave the Christie
library building designed by Alfred Waterhouse, and in 1897 he devoted
L50,000 of the funds at his disposal as a trustee of Sir Joseph
Whitworth's estate for the building of Whitworth Hall, which completed
the front quadrangle of the college. He was an enthusiastic book
collector, and bequeathed to Owens College his library of about 75,000
volumes, rich in a very complete set of the books printed by Dolet, a
wonderful series of Aldines, and of volumes printed by Sebastian
Gryphius. His _Etienne Dolet, the Martyr of the Renaissance_ (1880), is
the most exhaustive work on the subject. He died at Ribsden on the 9th
of January 1901.

CHRISTINA (1626-1689), queen of Sweden, daughter of Gustavus Adolphus
and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, was born at Stockholm on the 8th of
December 1626. Her father died when she was only six years old. She was
educated, principally, by the learned Johannes Matthiae, in as masculine
a way as possible, while the great Oxenstjerna himself instructed her in
politics. Christina assumed the sceptre in her eighteenth year (Dec. 8,
1644). From the moment when she took her seat at the head of the council
board she impressed her veteran counsellors with the conviction of her
superior genius. Axel Oxenstjerna himself said of her, when she was only
fifteen: "Her majesty is not like women-folk, but is stout-hearted and
of a good understanding, so that, if she be not corrupted, we have good
hopes of her." Unfortunately her brilliant and commanding qualities were
vitiated by an inordinate pride and egoism, which exhibited themselves
in an utter contempt for public opinion, and a prodigality utterly
regardless of the necessities of the state. She seemed to consider
Swedish affairs as far too petty to occupy her full attention; while her
unworthy treatment of the great chancellor was mainly due to her
jealousy of his extraordinary reputation and to the uneasy conviction
that, so long as he was alive, his influence must at least be equal to
her own. Recognizing that he would be indispensable so long as the
Thirty Years' W