e. The same sort of heaven (without the philosophical
bitterness, with which compare above, p. 229) is, however,
found in other passages, somewhat augmented with nymphs and
facile goddesses.]

[Footnote 48: This doctrine is supposed by some scholars to
be due to outside influence, but the doubt is not
substantiated, and even in the Rig Veda one passage appears
to refer to it. Doubtless, however, the later expanded view,
with its complicated reckonings, may have been touched by
foreign influence.]

[Footnote 49: _Na [=a]san s[=a]ma-[r.]g-yajur-varn[=a]s_. In
xii. 342. 8 the order is Rik-Yajus-Atharvan-S[=a]man. The
habit of putting S[=a]man instead of Rik at the head of the
Vedas is still kept in the late litany to Civa, who is "the
S[=a]man among the Vedas" meaning, of course, the first and
best. In the same place, "Civa is the Itih[=a]sa" epic
(xiii. 14. 323; and _ib_. 17. 78, 91), for the epic
outweighs all the Vedas in its own estimation.]

[Footnote 50: iii. 149. 14; 188. 22; 189. 32; probably with
a recollection of the colors of the four castes, white, red,
yellow, black. According to xii. 233. 32, there is no
sacrifice in the Krita age, but, beginning with the Tret[=a]
age, there is a general diffusion of sacrifice in the
Dv[=a]para age. In another passage of the same book it is
said that marriage laws arose in the Dv[=a]para age (207. 38
ff.).]

[Footnote 51: The teaching varies somewhat in the allotment
of years. See Manu, I. 67.]

[Footnote 52: Weber thinks, on the other hand, that the
parties represent respectively, Civa and Vishuu worship,
_Ind. St_. i. 206.]

[Footnote 53: This book also is closely in touch with the
later Pur[=a]nas. For instance, Citragupta, Yama's
secretary, is known only to the books of the pseudo-epic,
the Vishnu Pur[=a]na, the Padma Pur[=a]na, etc.]

[Footnote 54: _Neunzehn Buecher_, p. 86.]

[Footnote 55: The epic does not care much for castes in some
passages. In one such it is said that members of all castes
become priests when they go across the Gomal, iii. 84. 48.]

[Footnote 56: xii. 319. 87 ff. _(pr[=a]pya j[=n][=a]nam_ ...
_c[=u]dr[=a]d api_); xii. 328. 49 (_cr[=a]vayee caturo
var[n.][=a]n_). The epic regards itself as more than
equivalent (_adhikam)_ to the