FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   415   416   417   418   419   420   421   422   423   424   425   426   427   428   429   430   431   432   433   434   435   436   437   438   439  
440   441   442   443   444   445   446   447   448   449   450   451   452   453   454   455   456   457   458   459   460   461   462   463   464   >>   >|  
meaning which in the Rig Veda is universal. The note struck in this hymn is not unique: (THE POET.) Eager for booty proffer your laudation To Indra; truth (is he),[7] if truth existeth; 'Indra is not,' so speaketh this and that one; 'Who him hath seen? To whom shall we give praises?' (THE GOD.) I am, O singer, he; look here upon me; All creatures born do I surpass in greatness. Me well-directed sacrifices nourish, Destructive I destroy existent beings.[8] These are not pleas in behalf of a new god. It is not the mere god of physical phenomena who is here doubted and defended. It is the god that in the last stage of the Rig Veda is become the Creator and Destroyer, and, in the light of a completed pantheism, is grown too great to retain his personality. With such a protest begins the great revolt that is the sign of an inner evolution extending through the Br[=a]hmanas and Upanishads. Indra, like other gods,[9] is held by the rite; to the vulgar he is still the great god;[10] to the philosopher, a name. The populace respect him, and sacerdotalism conserves him, that same crafty, priestly power, which already at the close of the Rig Vedic period dares to say that only the king who is subject to the priest is sure of himself, and a little later that killing a priest is the only real murder. We have shown above how the real divinity of the gods was diminished even at the hands of the priests that needed them for the rites and baksheesh, which was the goal of their piety. Even Praj[=a]pati, the Father-god, their own creation, is mortal as well as immortal.[11] We have shown, also, how difficult it must have been to release the reason from the formal band of the rite. Socially it was impossible to do so. He that was not initiated was excommunicated, an outcast. But, on the other hand, the great sacrifices gradually fell over from their own weight. Cumbersome and costly, they were replaced by proxy works of piety; _vidh[=a]nas_ were established that obviated the real rite; just as to-day, 'pocket altars' take the place of real altars.[12] There was a gradual intrusion of the Hindu cult; popular features began to obtain; the sacrifice was made to embrace in its workings the whole family of the sacrificer (instead of its effect being confined to him alone, as was the earlier form); and finally village celebrations became more general than those of the individual. Slowly Hinduism built itself a
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   415   416   417   418   419   420   421   422   423   424   425   426   427   428   429   430   431   432   433   434   435   436   437   438   439  
440   441   442   443   444   445   446   447   448   449   450   451   452   453   454   455   456   457   458   459   460   461   462   463   464   >>   >|  



Top keywords:

altars

 

sacrifices

 

priest

 
reason
 

excommunicated

 
release
 

outcast

 
formal
 

initiated

 
murder

Socially

 
impossible
 
difficult
 
Father
 

needed

 
baksheesh
 

priests

 

diminished

 

divinity

 
immortal

creation

 

mortal

 
effect
 

confined

 

earlier

 

sacrificer

 

family

 

sacrifice

 

embrace

 

workings


finally

 

Slowly

 

individual

 
Hinduism
 

celebrations

 

village

 
general
 

obtain

 
replaced
 

killing


established

 
costly
 

gradually

 
weight
 

Cumbersome

 

obviated

 
intrusion
 

popular

 

features

 

gradual