hem arguments in favor of his
own creed, whether it be philosophical, mystical, unitarian,
atheistic, Judaic, or Christian. Dabist[=a]n, vol. II, p.
45.]

[Footnote 97: Before election the Guru must be examined. If
the faithful are not satisfied, they may reject him. but,
having elected him, they are bound to obey him implicitly.
He can excommunicate, but he may not punish corporally. This
deification of the Guru was retained by the Sikhs, and the
office was made hereditary among them (by Arjun), till
Govind, the tenth pontiff, who left no successor, declared
that after his death the Granth (bible) should be the sole
authority of the church.]

[Footnote 98: The 'half' contributor was a woman, and hence
was not reckoned as a complete unit.]

[Footnote 99: The word Sikh means 'disciple' (of N[=a]nak).
The name the Sikhs assumed as a nation was Singhs
(_si[.m]has_), 'Lions of the Punj[=a]b.']

[Footnote 100: The 'true name,' _sat n[=a]m_, is the
appellation of God.]

[Footnote 101: JRAS. 1846, p. 43, Prinsep's compilation
(Wilson). Compare Trumpp, ib. V. 197 (1871); and
[=A]digranth, 1877.]

[Footnote 102: This sect was founded by a descendant of
N[=a]nak.]

[Footnote 103: It was not till Mohammedan persecution
influenced them that the religious Sikhs of N[=a]nak became
the political haters and fighters of Govind.]

[Footnote 104: It is said that Govind sacrificed to Durg[=a]
the life of one of his own disciples to prepare himself for
his ministry. Trumpp, [=A]digranth; Barth, p. 204. The lives
of the later Gurus will be found in Elphinstone's history
and Prinsep's sketch (a _resume_ by Barth, p. 248 ff.).]

[Footnote 105: With some small verbal alterations.]

[Footnote 106: The conclusion of this extract shows the
narrower polemic spirit: "Pundits and Q[=a]z[=i]s are fools.
What avails it to collect a heap of books? Let your minds
freely meditate on the spirit of God. Wear not away your
lives by studying the Vedas."]

[Footnote 107: For the data of the following paragraphs on
the deistic reformers of to-day we are indebted to an
article of Professor Williams, which first appeared in the
thirteenth volume of the _Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society,_ and has since been published in the same aut