the monastic system, which
Cankara is said to have taken from the Buddhists and to have
introduced into Brahmanic priestly life. Both family priests
and cenobites are admitted into his order.]

[Footnote 78: What the Linga is to Civaite the
C[=a]lagr[=a]ma is to the Vishnuite (who also reveres the
_tulas[=i]_ wood). The C[=a]lagr[=a]ma is a black pebble;
the L[=i]nga is a white pebble or glass (Williams). The
Civaites have appropriated the _d[=u]rv[=a]_ grass as sacred
to Ganeca. Sesamum seeds and _d[=u]rv[=a]_ are, however,
Brahmanically holy. Compare Cat. Br. iv. 5-10, where
_d[=u]rv[=a]_ grass is even holier than _kuca_-grass. The
rosaries used by the sects have been the subject of a paper
by Leumann, and are described by Williams. Thirty-two or
sixty-four berries of _eleocapus ganitrus (rudr[=a]ksha_)
make the Civaite rosary. That of the Vishnuite is made of
lotus-seeds or of _tuls[=a]_ wood in one hundred and eight
pieces.]

[Footnote 79: For an account and list of the works of
Tulas[=i]d[=a]s[=a] (Tuls[=i]d[=a]s), compare IA. xxii. 89,
122, 227. Jayadeva (twelfth century), the author of the
G[=i]ta Govinda (translated by Jones, Lassen, and Ruckert),
is sometimes reckoned falsely to the adherents of
R[=a]m[=a]nand, but he is really a Krishnaite.]

[Footnote 80: The _bhakti_ doctrine is that of the extant
C[=a]ndilya S[=u]tras, which make faith and not works or
knowledge a condition of salvation. They are modern, as
Cowell, in his preface to the work, has shown. Cowell here
identifies K[=a]cyapa with Ka[n.][=a]da, the V[=a]iceshika
philosopher, his school holding that the individual spirits
are infinite in number, distinct from the Supreme Spirit.]

[Footnote 81: The infant-cult is of course older than these
sects. For an account of the ritual, as well as its
intrusion into the earlier cult of the Pur[=a]nas, with the
accompanying resemblances to Madonna-cult, and the new
features (the massacre of the innocents, the birth in the
stable, the three wise men, etc.) that show borrowing from
Christianity, compare Weber's exhaustive treatise referred
to above, the _K[=r.][=s.][n.]ajanm[=a][=s.][=t.]am[=i],
Krishna's Geburtsfest_.]

[Footnote 82: Williams, _loc. cit._]

[Footnote 83: 'Gosain' means shepherd, lik