], pages 127-134.

[185] ANDREW H. SMITH, "An Artificial Leech," _Medical Record_, volume 4
(1869-70), page 406.

[186] In addition to the references below, articles on artificial leeches
include DR. MONTAIN, "Considerations therapeutiques sur l'emploi du
pneumo-derme, nouvel instrument destine a remplacer les sangsues et les
ventouses," _Bulletin General de therapeutique_, volume 11 (1836), pages
311-315; J. J. TWEED, "A Description of the Apparatus for Employing the
Mechanical Leeches," _Medical Times_, volume 21 (1850), pages 36-37; and
SAMUEL THEOBALD, "An Improved Method of Applying the Artificial Leech,"
_American Journal of Medical Science_, new series, volume 70 (1875), pages
139-142.

[187] SARLANDIERE, "Ventouse," _Dictionnaire des sciences medicales_,
volume 57 (Paris, 1821), pages 174-178; PAULET, "Bdellometre,"
_Dictionnaire encyclopedique des sciences medicales_, series 1, volume 8
(Paris, 1868), pages 632-633; L. GRESELY, "Dissertation sur les sangsues,
le nouveau scarificateur, et sur leur emploi en medecine" (Paris: Faculty
of Medicine, 1820), dissertation no. 202.

[188] ROBLEY DUNGLISON, _Medical Lexicon: A New Dictionary of Medical
Science_, 3rd edition (Philadelphia, 1842). The bdellometer was listed in
later editions of this dictionary throughout the nineteenth century.

[189] DAMOISEAU, _La terabdelle ou machine pneumatique operant a volonte
la saignee locale et la revulsion aux principales regions du corps
humains_ (Paris, 1862), 60 pages. See also GAUJOT and SPILLMAN, op. cit.
[note 49], pages 194-195.

[190] L. WECKER, "De la sangsue artificielle (modele du baron Heurteloup),
et de son emploi dans le traitment des maladies des yeux." _Bulletin
general de therapeutique medicale et chirurgicale_, volume 62 (1862),
pages 107-116. For price information, see CASWELL, HAZARD & CO. (W. F.
Ford), _Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments and Appliances_ (New
York, 1874), page 18. An example of Heurteloup's leech as well as a
larger, modified Heurteloup's leech can be found in the collection of the
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

[191] SMITH, op. cit. [note 185], page 406; TIEMANN, op. cit. [note 144],
page 116; Patent specifications, U.S. patent 100210. An example of this
artificial leech can be found in the collection of the Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology.

[192] TIEMANN, op. cit. [note 144], page 506.

[193] WILLIAM REESE, "Uterine Leech and Aspirator," _Medical Record_,
vo