ente und Apparate._
Vienna, 1885.

Reynders, John, & Co. See John Reynders & Co.

Robert et Collin. See Maison Charriere.

Scheffelin, W. H., & Co. _General Prices Current._ New York, 1887.

Sharp and Smith. _Surgical Instruments._ 16th edition. Chicago, ca. 1892.

Shepard & Dudley. _Descriptive Catalogue._ New York, 1873.

Tiemann, George, & Co. See George Tiemann & Co.

Truax, Charles Henry. See Charles Henry Truax.

Truax, Green & Co. _Price List of Physicians Supplies._ 6th edition.
Chicago, 1893.

Weiss & Son. See John Weiss & Son.

W. H. Wigmore. _Surgical, Dental and Veterinary Instruments._
Philadelphia, no date (pre-1895).

W. Windler. _Preis-Verzeichniss der Fabrik chirurgischer Instrumente und
Bandagen._ Berlin, 1888.

Figures 26-124

[Illustration: FIGURE 26.--Reproduction of a Greek vase showing a 5th
century B.C. medical "clinic." Original is in the Louvre. Patient is about
to undergo venesection in the arm. Bronze bleeding bowl catches the blood.
(NMHT 233055 [M-9618]; SI photo 73-4216.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 27.--Bloodletting man from a New York almanac, 1710.
(From Daniel Leeds, _The American Almanack for the Year of Christian
Account, 1710_. Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 28.--Phlebotomy manikin in Johannes de Ketham
_Fascicules Medicinae_. Venice, 1495. (From the Dibner Library of the
History of Science and Technology, NMHT.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 29.--Lionel Wepfer, a 17th century traveler,
described the Indian method of bloodletting as follows: "The patient is
seated on a stone in the river, and one with a small bow shoots little
arrows into the naked body of the patient, up and down, shooting them as
fast as he can and not missing any part. But the arrows are guarded, so
that they penetrate no farther than we commonly thrust our lancets; and if
by chance they hit a vein which is full of wind, and the blood spurts out
a little, they will leap and skip about, shewing many antic gestures, by
way of rejoicing and triumph." (From Lionel Wepfer, _A New Voyage and
Description of the Isthmus of America_, London, 1699. Photo courtesy of
NLM.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 30.--Flint lancets used by native doctors in
Alaska, 1880s. (Anthropology Catalog 127758; SI photo 73-4208).]

[Illustration: FIGURE 31.--Instruments and technique of phlebotomy: Fig. 1
shows an arm about to be bled. A ligature has been applied to make the
veins swell. The c