cator made by
Domenico Pica in 1793. The blade cover is attached by a hinge, and the
turnkey on top raises and lowers the entire interior chassis in order to
regulate depth of cut. (NMHT 320033.01; SI photo 76-7742.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 67.--Scarificator marked Dom{o} Morett, 1813. (From
the original in the Wellcome Museum, by courtesy of the Trustees. Wellcome
R2909/1936; photo L 1159.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 68.--Cupping set with base handled torch, 8 blade
scarificator, 4 blade scarificator for cupping on temples, 2 cups and
alcohol bottle. (NMHT, SI photo 76-9119.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 69.--Calling card, ca. 1860. (SI photo.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 70.--Cupping set manufactured by Charriere of
Paris, mid-19th century. Note the tubing used to connect the pump to the
cups, and the circular scarificator with blades cutting in opposite
directions. (NMHT 302606.007; SI photo 75-090.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 71.--W. D. Hooper's patent cupping apparatus with
tubular blades. (From patent specifications, U.S. patent no. 68985. SI
photo 73-5193.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 72.--Demours' device for combining cup, scarifier
and exhausting apparatus. (From Samuel Bayfield, _A Treatise on Practical
Cupping_, London, 1823. Photo courtesy of the NLM.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 73.--R. J. Dodd's patent cupping apparatus. Figs. 4
and 5 are the tubes for cupping the uterus. Fig. 3 is the flexible match
scarifier. (From patent specifications, U.S. patent no. 3537. SI photo
73-5192.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 74.--Circular scarificator. (NMHT 320933.05; SI
photo 76-7746.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 75.--Scarificator for vaccination. Mallam's, made by
Arnold & Sons, London. Patent 1406. (From the original in the Wellcome
Museum by courtesy of the Trustees. Wellcome 13557; photo 125/1960.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 76.--Patent model of Tiemann's scarificator. (NMHT
89797 [M-4289]; SI photo 76-9115.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 77.--Patent model of Leypoldt's scarificator, 1847.
(NMHT 89797 [M-4290]; SI photo 73-4213.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 78.--Patent model of Leypoldt's scarificator, 1851.
(NMHT 89797 [M-4293]; SI photo 76-9112.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 79.--Baunscheidt's _Lebenswecker_, a
counter-irritation device. (NMHT 287885 [M-12936]; SI photo 76-7751.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 80.--Depurator patented by A. F. Jones, 1866. (From
patent specifications, reissue 2276. SI photo.)]

[Illustration: FIGURE 81.--Junod's boot. (O