t to the
Department of Agriculture of stamping out the disease was about $300,000.

The next appearance of the foot-and-mouth disease was early in November,
1908, when it was observed in cattle near Danville, Pa. A Federal
quarantine was issued November 12. The infection was traced back to the
stockyards at East Buffalo, N. Y., and to Detroit, Mich. The disease
appeared in the States of Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. A
careful and thorough investigation made by Mohler of the Bureau of Animal
Industry and Rosenau of the Public Health Service demonstrated that the
outbreak started from calves used to propagate vaccine virus at an
establishment near Detroit, and that the source of the infection was
contaminated Japanese vaccine virus.

Vigorous measures of eradication similar to those employed in 1902-3 were
at once put into effect and the disease was stamped out in about five
months at an expense of about $300,000 to the Department of Agriculture,
and of about $113,000 to the States. The inspectors made 108,683 visits to
farms, stockyards, etc., and inspected more than 1,500,000 animals
(including reinspections). One hundred and fifty-seven premises were found
infected, and 3,636 animals (2,025 cattle, 1,329 hogs, and 282 sheep and
goats), valued at $90,033.18, were slaughtered. Owners were reimbursed for
the value of their animals and property destroyed, one-third being paid by
the States and two-thirds by the Federal Government.

The latest invasion was discovered in the vicinity of Niles, Mich., in
October, 1914, after it had evidently been under way since August of the
same year. This is the most serious and extensive outbreak ever known in
this country. The disease extended to 22 States and the District of
Columbia, at places ranging from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts. The
work of eradication was not completed for more than a year. The affected
States were Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Illinois had the
largest infected area and the largest number of animals affected. The Union
Stock Yards at Chicago became infected and were a source of dissemination
of the contagion north, east, south, and west. These and other yards found
infected were closed temporarily and disinfected.

The first