to a few herds outside the quarantine
station. Owing to the small number of animals affected and the limited area
of territory covered by the disease, it was easily controlled by the
ordinary measures of quarantine and disinfection.

It will be observed that in all these early outbreaks the contagion was
introduced with imported animals. Since the development of a stringent
system of inspection and quarantine of imported live stock, no instance of
that kind has occurred. On subsequent occasions the infection has evidently
been brought in with contaminated products or materials and not by means of
live animals.

In November, 1902, the disease was discovered in Massachusetts and Rhode
Island. The earliest cases were traced to Chelsea, Mass., near the docks,
and it was suspected for a time that the infection was brought in with
foreign shipping, by some such means as hay, straw, halters, ropes, hides,
hair, wool, etc. Later developments, however, and especially investigations
into the cause of the 1908 outbreak, led to the belief that a more probable
source of the infection was cowpox vaccine virus imported from a country
(probably Japan) where foot-and-mouth disease existed, the vaccine virus
being contaminated with the virus of foot-and-mouth disease.

A Federal quarantine was declared by the Secretary of Agriculture on
November 27, 1902, as soon as the nature of the disease was established,
and steps for eradication were at once taken by the Bureau of Animal
Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with
authorities of the affected States. The methods followed consisted of
inspection to trace and detect the disease, quarantine of infected premises
and territory, slaughter and burial or burning of diseased and exposed
animals, and disinfection of premises.

This outbreak involved Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Rhode
Island, and was eradicated in about six months. Two hundred and forty-four
herds, including 4,712 cattle, were found infected. Of these, 205 herds
with 3,872 cattle, as well as 360 hogs and 220 sheep and goats, were
slaughtered. The cattle infected but not slaughtered were those that either
died or completely recovered before slaughtering could be carried out. The
animals slaughtered were valued at $184,155.10, and the Federal Government
reimbursed owners to the extent of 70 per cent, or $128,908.57. It is
understood that the States paid the remainder. The total cos