come greatly enlarged and the center
cheesy. (Pl. XXXVI, fig. 1.) They may compress the esophagus and interfere
with swallowing. The size attained by these tumors and new growths is well
illustrated by the fact that, taken together, they not infrequently weigh
from 60 to 80 pounds. The bronchial glands, which in the healthy state are
not so large as horse-chestnuts, have been found to attain a weight of more
than 10 pounds.

In the abdominal cavity tubercles may be found, both in the organs and on
the serous membranes covering them. They are situated usually on the
omentum, or caul (see Pl. XXXVI, fig. 2), the diaphragm, and the walls of
the abdomen. In the liver large and small tubercular masses are
occasionally encountered. (See Pl. XXXV.) The mesenteric glands are
occasionally enlarged and tuberculous; likewise the glands near the liver.
Tubercles may also develop in the spleen, the kidneys, the uterus and
ovaries, and the testicles.

Tubercular affection of the intestines seems to be quite rare, although
ulcers of the large intestines have been observed. Nodules may also form
under the serous covering of the intestines.

The brain and spinal cord are occasionally found tuberculous. Of 40 cases,
Semmer found tuberculosis of the brain in 4. It is not improbable that,
owing to the infrequency of exposing the brain and spinal cord,
tuberculosis may have escaped the attention of pathologists, and it may be
that it is not so uncommon as is generally supposed. The tubercles occur on
the membranes of the brain as well as in the substance of the brain itself.
They project into the ventricles as masses, varying in size from a pinhead
to a hen's egg. They finally lead to various inflammatory changes. Joehne
has observed numerous small tubercles on the membranes of the spinal cord.

Very rarely tuberculous lesions have been observed in the bones and muscles
of the body. Not so rare, however, is the affection of the lymphatic glands
embedded in the muscular tissue, and those which can be felt beneath the
skin. These are situated at the joints, under the jaw, and along the neck.

Of late tubercular disease of the udder in cows (Pl. XXXVIII) has received
considerable attention from sanitarians, owing to the infection of the milk
with the virus of tuberculosis. According to those who have given this
subject special attention, the udder becomes swollen uniformly and quite
firm. This swelling, which is painless, frequently attacks