eycombed appearance. The individual actinomyces colonies are lodged in
the spaces or interstices formed by the meshwork of the connective tissue.
There they are surrounded by a mantle of cellular elements which fill up
the spaces. By scraping the cut surface of such a tumor these cell masses
inclosing the fungi come away, and the latter may be seen as pale-yellow or
sulphur-yellow specks, as described above.

_Location of the disease._--In cattle the disease process may be located
both externally, where it is readily detected, and in internal organs. Its
preferred seat is on the bones of the lower and upper jaws, in the parotid
salivary gland in the angle of the jaw, and in the region of the throat. It
may also appear under the skin in different parts of the body. Internally
it may attack the tongue and appear in the form of a tumor in the mouth,
pharynx, or larynx. It may cause extensive disease of the lungs, more
rarely of the digestive tract.

It appears, furthermore, that in certain districts or countries the disease
seems by preference to attack certain parts. Thus in England actinomycosis
of the tongue is most prevalent. In Denmark the soft parts of the head are
most prone to disease, while in Russia the lips are the usual seat. In
certain parts of Germany actinomycotic tumors are most frequently
encountered in the throat region and in the jawbones.

A description of actinomycosis of the jaw (lumpy jaw) and of the tongue has
already been given in a previous chapter, and hence they will be dealt with
here only very briefly. When the disease attacks the soft parts of the head
a rather firm swelling appears, in which are formed one or more smaller
projecting tumors, varying from the size of a nut to that of an egg. These
push their way outward and finally break through the skin as small,
reddish, funguslike bodies covered with thin sloughs. Or the original
swelling, in place of enlarging in the manner described, may become
transformed into an abscess which finally bursts to discharge creamy pus.
The abscess cavity, however, does not disappear, but is soon filled with
fungus-like growths, which force their way outward through the opening.

When the tumors are situated within the cavity of the pharynx they have
broken through from some gland, perhaps beneath the mucous membrane, where
the disease first appeared, and hang or project into the cavity of the
pharynx, either as pendulous masses with slender stems or as tum