lunatic asylum. Gratuitous instruction is given to a large number
of children, and there are several mathematical and commercial academies,
maintained by different commercial corporations, a nautical school, a
school of design, a theological seminary and a flourishing medical school.
The museum is filled for the most part with Roman and Carthaginian coins
and other antiquities; the academy contains a valuable collection of
pictures. In the church of Santa Catalina, which formerly belonged to the
Capuchin convent, now secularized, there is an unfinished picture of the
marriage of St Catherine, by Murillo, who met his death by falling from the
scaffold on which he was painting it (3rd of April 1682).

Cadiz no longer ranks among the first marine cities of the world. Its
harbour works are insufficient and antiquated, though a scheme for their
improvement was adopted in 1903; its communications with the mainland
consist of a road and a single line of railway; its inhabitants, apart from
foreign residents and a few of the more enterprising merchants, rest
contented with such prosperity as a fine natural harbour and an unsurpassed
geographical situation cannot fail to confer. Several great shipping lines
call here; shipbuilding yards and various factories exist on the mainland;
and there is a considerable trade in the exportation of wine, principally
sherry from Jerez, salt, olives, figs, canary-seed and ready-made corks;
and in the importation of fuel, iron and machinery, building materials,
American oak staves for casks, &c. In 1904, 2753 ships of 1,745,588 tons
[v.04 p.0930] entered the port. But local trade, though still considerable,
remains stationary if it does not actually recede. Its decline, originally
due to the Napoleonic wars and the acquisition of independence by many
Spanish colonies early in the 19th century, was already recognised, and an
attempt made to check it in 1828, when the Spanish government declared
Cadiz a free warehousing port; but this valuable privilege was withdrawn in
1832. Among the more modern causes of depression have been the rivalry of
Gibraltar and Seville; the decreasing demand for sherry; and the disasters
of the Spanish-American war of 1898, which almost ruined local commerce
with Cuba and Porto Rico.

_History._--Cadiz represents the Sem. _Agadir_, _Gadir_, or _Gaddir_
("stronghold") of the Carthaginians, the Gr. _Gadeira_, and the Lat.
_Gades_. Tradition ascribes its foundation to Pho