troops in the war
with France, 1557-1558. In 1558 he went as Elizabeth's ambassador to the
emperor Ferdinand at Cambrai, from July 1559 to February 1559/60 he was
ambassador to King Philip at Brussels, and in 1561 he went in the same
capacity to Spain. His letters are full of complaints of his treatment
there, but it was not till 1564, when in failing health, that he was
allowed to return home. He died at his house in Clerkenwell on the 14th
of October 1565. He acquired during his years of service three estates,
Guisborough in Yorkshire, Steeple Claydon in Buckinghamshire, and St
Bees in Cumberland. He married (1) Joan, widow of Sir Thomas Leigh; and
(2) Etheldreda, daughter of Edward Frodsham, of Elton, Cheshire, by whom
he had one son, Sir Thomas Chaloner (1561-1615), the naturalist.
Chaloner was the intimate of most of the learned men of his day, and
with Lord Burghley he had a life-long friendship. Throughout his busy
official life he occupied himself with literature, his Latin verses and
his pastoral poems being much admired by his contemporaries. Chaloner's
"Howe the Lorde Mowbray ... was ... banyshed the Realme," printed in the
1559 edition of William Baldwin's _Mirror for Magistrates_ (repr. in
vol. ii. pt. 1 of Joseph Haslewood's edition of 1815), has sometimes
been attributed to Thomas Churchyard. His most important work, _De Rep.
Anglorum instauranda libri decem_, written while he was in Spain, was
first published by William Malim (1579, 3 pts.), with complimentary
Latin verses in praise of the author by Burghley and others. Chaloner's
epigrams and epitaphs were also added to the volume, as well as _In
laudem Henrici octavi ... carmen Panegericum_, first printed in 1560.
Amongst his other works are _The praise of folie, Moriae encomium_ ...
by Erasmus ... Englished by Sir Thomas Chaloner, Knight (1549, ed. Janet
E. Ashbee, 1901); _A book of the Office of Servantes_ (1543), translated
from Gilbert Cognatus; and _An homilie of Saint John Chrysostome_....
Englished by T.C. (1544).

See "The Chaloners, Lords of the Manor of St Bees," by William
Jackson, in _Transactions of the Cumberland Assoc. for the Advancement
of Literature and Science_, pt. vi. pp. 47-74, 1880-1881.

CHALONS-SUR-MARNE, a town of north-eastern France, capital of the
department of Marne, 107 m. E. of Paris on the main line of the Eastern
railway to Nancy, and 25 m. S.S.E. of Reims. Pop. (1906) 22,424. Chalons
is situated in a w