ouses. The administrative buildings are modern. An
obelisk was erected in 1730 to commemorate the opening of the canal.
There is a statue of J.N. Niepce, a native of the town. Chalon is the
seat of a sub-prefect and a court of assizes, and there are tribunals of
first instance and commerce, a branch of the Bank of France, a chamber
of commerce, communal colleges for boys and girls, a school of drawing,
a public library and a museum. Chalon ranks next to Le Creusot among the
manufacturing towns of Burgundy; its position at the junction of the
Canal du Centre and the Saone, and as a railway centre for Lyons, Paris,
Dole, Lons-le-Saunier and Roanne, brings it a large transit trade. The
founding and working of copper and iron is its main industry; the large
engineering works of Petit-Creusot, a branch of those of Le Creusot,
construct bridges, tug-boats and torpedo-boats; distilleries,
glass-works, chemical works, straw-hat manufactories, oil-works,
tile-works and sugar refineries also occupy many hands. Wine, grain,
iron, leather and timber are among the many products for which the town
is an entrepot. About 2 m. east of Chalon is St Marcel (named after the
saint who in the 2nd century preached Christianity at Chalon), which has
a church of the 12th century, once belonging to a famous abbey.

Chalon-sur-Saone is identified with the ancient _Cabillonum_, originally
an important town of the Aedui. It was chosen in the 6th century by
Gontram, king of Burgundy, as his capital; and it continued till the
10th to pay for its importance by being frequently sacked. The
bishopric, founded in the 4th century, was suppressed at the Revolution.
In feudal times Chalon was the capital of a countship. In 1237 it was
given in exchange for other fiefs in the Jura by Jean le Sage, whose
descendants nevertheless retained the title. Hugh IV., duke of Burgundy,
the other party to the exchange, gave the citizens a communal charter in
1256. In its modern history the most important event was the resistance
offered to a division of the Austrian army in 1814.

CHALUKYA, the name of an Indian dynasty which ruled in the Deccan from
A.D. 550 to 750, and again from 973 to 1190. The Chalukyas themselves
claimed to be Rajputs from the north who imposed their rule on the
Dravidian inhabitants of the Deccan tableland, and there is some
evidence for connecting them with the Chapas, a branch of the foreign
Gurjaras. The dynasty was founded by a chief na