883, three days before the reopening of the church. He was the author
of a history of St Giles's, of a memoir of himself and his brother
(1872), and of many other useful publications. On his death in 1883
Robert Chambers (1832-1888), son of Robert Chambers, succeeded as head
of the firm, and edited the _Journal_ until his death. His eldest son,
Charles Edward Stuart Chambers (b. 1859), became editor of the _Journal_
and chairman of W. & R. Chambers, Limited.

See also _Memoir of Robert Chambers, with Autobiographic Reminiscences
of William Chambers_ (1872), the 13th ed. of which (1884) has a
supplementary chapter; Alexander Ireland's preface to the 12th ed.
(1884) of the _Vestiges of Creation_; the _Story of a Long and Busy
Life_ (1884), by William Chambers; and some discriminating
appreciation in James Payn's _Some Literary Recollections_ (1884),
chapter v. The _Select Writings of Robert Chambers_ were published in
7 vols. in 1847, and a complete list of the works of the brothers is
added to _A Catalogue of Some of the Rarer Books ... in the Collection
of C.E.S. Chambers_ (Edinburgh, 1891).

FOOTNOTE:

[1] A new and enlarged edition of this work, edited by David Patrick,
LL. D., appeared in 1903.

CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796), British architect, was the grandson
of a rich merchant who had financed the armies of Charles XII., but was
paid in base money, and whose son remained in Sweden many years
endeavouring to obtain redress. In 1728 the latter returned to England
and settled at Ripon, where William, who was born in Stockholm, was
educated. At the age of sixteen he became supercargo to the Swedish East
India Company, and voyaging to Canton made drawings of Chinese
architecture, furniture and costume which served as basis for his
_Designs for Chinese Buildings_, &c. (1757). Two years later he quitted
the sea to study architecture seriously, and spent a long time in Italy,
devoting special attention to the buildings of classical and Renaissance
architects. He also studied under Clerisseau in Paris, with whom and
with the sculptor Wilton he lived at Rome. In 1755 he returned to
England with Cipriani and Wilton, and married the beautiful daughter of
the latter. His first important commission was a villa for Lord
Bessborough at Roehampton, but he made his reputation by the grounds he
laid out and the buildings he erected at Kew between 1757 and 1762 for
Augusta, princess dowager o