ine squadron, this being the first
official visit that any South American president had ever paid to one of
the adjoining states. In October 1900 Dr Campos Salles returned the
visit and met with an excellent reception at Buenos Aires. The result
was of importance, as it was known that Brazil was on friendly terms
with Chile, and this interchange of courtesies had some effect in
bringing about a settlement of the controversy between Chile and
Argentina over the Andean frontier question without recourse to
hostilities. This was indeed a time when questions concerning boundaries
were springing up on every side, for it was only through the moderation
with which the high-handed action of Bolivia in regard to the Acre
rubber-producing territory was met by the Brazilian government that war
was avoided. Negotiations were set on foot, and finally by treating the
matter in a give-and-take spirit a settlement was reached and a treaty
for an amicable exchange of territories in the district in question,
accompanied by a pecuniary indemnity, was signed by President Alves at
Petropolis on the 17th of November 1903. During the remainder of the
term of this president internal and financial progress were undisturbed
save by an outbreak in 1904 in the Cunani district, the very portion of
disputed territory which had been assigned to Brazil by the arbitration
with France. This province, being difficult of access, was able for a
time to assert a practical independence. In 1906 Dr Affonso Penna, three
times minister under Pedro II., and at that time governor of the state
of Minas-Geraes, of which he had founded the new capital, Bello
Horizonte, was elected president, a choice due to a coalition of the
other states against Sao Paulo, to which all the recent presidents had
belonged. Penna's presidency was distinguished by his successful efforts
to place the finances on a sound basis. He died in office on the 14th of
June 1909. (K. J.; C. E. A.; G. E.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--History: Capistrano de Abreu, _Descobrimento do Brazil
e seu desenvolvimento no seculo xix_. (Rio de Janeiro, 1883); John
Armitage, _History of Brazil from 1808 to 1831_ (2 vols., London,
1836); Moreira de Azevedo, _Historia do Brazil de 1831 a 1840_ (Rio de
Janeiro, 1841); V.L. Basil, _L'Empire du Bresil_ (Paris, 1862); Caspar
Barlaeus, _Rerun per octennium in Brasilia ... sub praefectura
Mauritii Nassovii... historia_ (Amsterdam, 1647); F.S. Constancio,
_Hist