d may be lawful ... to make and sell ... bread made of flour or
meal of wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, peas, beans,
rice or potatoes, or any of them, and with any (common) salt, pure
water, eggs, milk, barm, leaven, potato or other yeast, and mixed in
such proportions as they shall think fit, and with no other ingredients
or matter whatsoever."

_Sanitation of Bakehouses._--The sanitary arrangements of bakehouses in
England were first regulated by the Bakehouse Regulation Act 1863, which
was repealed and replaced by the Factory and Workshop Act 1878; this
act, with various amending acts, was in turn repealed and replaced by
the Factory and Workshop Act 1901. By the act of 1901 a bakehouse is
defined as a place in which are baked bread, biscuits or confectionery,
from the baking or selling of which a profit is derived. The act of 1863
placed the sanitary supervision of bakehouses in the hands of local
authorities; from 1878 to 1883 supervision was in the hands of
inspectors of factories, but in 1883 the supervision of retail
bakehouses was placed in the hands of local authorities. Under the act
of 1901 the supervision of bakehouses which are "workshops" is carried
out by local authorities, and for the purposes of the act every
bakehouse is a workshop unless within it, or its close or curtilage or
precincts, steam, water or other mechanical power is used in aid of the
manufacturing process carried on there, in which case it is treated as a
non-textile factory, and is under the supervision of factory inspectors.

The more important regulations laid down by the act are: (1) No
water-closet, &c., must be within or communicate directly with the
bakehouse; every cistern for supplying water to the bakehouse must be
separate and distinct from any cistern supplying a water-closet; no
drain or pipe for carrying off sewage matter shall have an opening
within the bakehouse. (2) The interior of all bakehouses must be
limewashed, painted or varnished at stated periods. (3) No place on
the same level with a bakehouse or forming part of the same building
may be used as a sleeping place, unless specially constructed to meet
the requirements of the act. (4) No underground bakehouse (one of
which the floor is more than 3 ft. below the surface of the footway of
the adjoining street) shall be used unless certified by the district
council as suitable for the purpose (see Redgrave, _Factory Acts_;