same
two states. The manufacture of boots and shoes has also received much
attention, but the materials used are for the most part imported.
Among other manufactures are butter and cheese, canned fruits and
vegetables, glass and earthenware, printing and wrapping paper,
furniture, matches, hats, clothing, pharmaceutical products, soaps and
perfumery, ice, artificial drinks, cigars and cigarettes, fireworks
and candles.

_Government._--The overthrow of the monarchy by a military revolt in Rio
de Janeiro on 15th November 1889, resulted in the creation of a federal
republic under the name of United States of Brazil (Estados Unidos do
Brazil). The constitution under which the republic is governed was
drafted by a constituent assembly convened on the 15th of November 1890,
and was adopted on the 24th of February 1891. The supreme powers of the
nation are vested in three partially independent branches of
government--executive, legislative, and judicial--represented by the
president and his cabinet, a national congress of two chambers, and a
supreme tribunal. The states forming the federation consist of the
twenty provinces and municipal district of the empire, but the number
may be increased or diminished by the states concerned with the approval
of the national congress. The states are self-governed, and have
exclusive control of the public lands, mines, industries, and all local
affairs. They have the sole right also to impose duties on exports and
taxes upon real estate, industries and professions, and transfers of
property. Among other things they are charged with the supervision and
support of primary education, with the maintenance of order, and with
the organization and support of a system of state courts. Both the
national and state governments exercise the right to impose stamp and
consumption taxes, and the municipalities likewise are permitted to
impose licence and consumption taxes. The national government reserves
for itself the exclusive right to direct the foreign affairs of the
republic, to maintain an army and navy, to impose duties on imports, to
regulate foreign commerce, to collect port dues, to issue money and
create banks of issue, and to maintain a postal and national telegraph
service. It also supervises secondary and superior education, issues
patents, and provides federal courts for the trial of cases amenable to
federal laws. The national government is forbidden to interfere in the
p