d the
westernmost part of Waziristan is in 69 deg. 2' E.

~Distribution of Area.~--The area dealt with is roughly 253,000 square
miles. This is but two-thirteenths of the area of the Indian Empire, and
yet it is less by only 10,000 square miles than that of Austria-Hungary
including Bosnia and Herzegovina. The area consists of:

sq. miles

(1) The Panjab 97,000
(2) Native States dependent on Panjab Government 36,500
(3) Kashmir 81,000
(4) North West Frontier Province 13,000
(5) Tribal territory under the political control of the Chief
Commissioner of North West Frontier Province, roughly 25,500

Approximately 136,000 square miles may be classed as highlands and
117,000 as plains, and these may be distributed as follows over the
above divisions:

Highlands Plains
sq. miles sq. miles

(1) Panjab, British 11,000 86,000
(2) Panjab, Native States 12,000 24,500
(3) Kashmir 81,000 --
(4) North West Frontier Province 6,500 6,500
(5) Tribal Territory 25,500 --

On the north the highlands include the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan
(Siwalik) tracts to the south and east of the Indus, and north of that
river the Muztagh-Karakoram range and the bleak salt plateau beyond that
range reaching almost up to the Kuenlun mountains. To the west of the
Indus they include those spurs of the Hindu Kush which run into Chitral
and Dir, the Buner and Swat hills, the Safed Koh, the Waziristan hills,
the Suliman range, and the low hills in the trans-Indus districts of the
North West Frontier Province.

~Boundary with China.~--There is a point to the north of Hunza in Kashmir
where three great mountain chains, the Muztagh from the south-east, the
Hindu Kush from the south-west, and the Sarikol (an offshoot of the
Kuenlun) from the north-east, meet. It is also the meeting-place of the
Indian, Chinese, and Russian empires and of Afghanistan. Westwards from
this the boundary of Kashmir and Chinese Turkestan runs for 350 miles
(omitting curves) through a deso