Pathan tribes with the Biluchistan Agency.
South of the Kaha the division is between Biluch tribes, the Marris and
Bugtis to the west being managed from Quetta, and the Gurchanis and
Mazaris, who are largely settled in the plains, being included in Dera
Ghazi Khan, the trans-Indus district of the Panjab. At the south-west
corner of the Dera Ghazi Khan district the Panjab, Sind, and Biluchistan
meet. From this point the short common boundary of the Panjab and Sind
runs east to the Indus.

~The Southern Boundary.~--East of the Indus the frontier runs south-east
for about fifty miles parting Sind from the Bahawalpur State, till a
point is reached where Sind, Rajputana, and Bahawalpur join. A little
further to the east is the southern extremity of Bahawalpur at 70 deg. 8' E.
and 27 deg. 5' N. From this point a line drawn due east would at a distance
of 370 miles pass a few miles to the north of the south end of Gurgaon
and a few miles to the south of the border of the Narnaul tract of
Patiala. Between Narnaul and the south-east corner of the Bahawalpur
State the great Rajputana desert, mainly occupied in this quarter by
Bikaner, thrusts northwards a huge wedge reaching almost up to the
Sutlej. To the west of the wedge is Bahawalpur and to the east the
British district of Hissar. The apex is less than 100 miles from Lahore,
while a line drawn due south from that city to latitude 27'5 deg. north
would exceed 270 miles in length. The Jaipur State lies to the south and
west of Narnaul, while Gurgaon has across its southern frontiers Alwar
and Bharatpur, and near the Jamna the Muttra district of the United
Provinces.

CHAPTER II

MOUNTAINS, HILLS, AND PLAINS

~The Great Northern Rampart.~--The huge mountain rampart which guards the
northern frontier of India thrusts out in the north-west a great bastion
whose outer walls are the Hindu Kush and the Muztagh-Karakoram ranges.
Behind the latter with a general trend from south-east to north-west are
the great valley of the Indus to the point near Gilgit where it turns
sharply to the south, and a succession of mountain chains and glens
making up the Himalayan tract, through which the five rivers of the
Panjab and the Jamna find their way to the plains. To meet trans-Indus
extensions of the Himalaya the Hindu Kush pushes out from its main axis
great spurs to the south, flanking the valleys which drain into the
Indus either directly or through the Kabul river.

~The Himal