ed, if they be found to contradict the truth. Believe
me, a self-renunciation which has something lofty in it, and of which
the world never hears, is often enacted in the private experience of
the true votary of science. And if a man be not capable of this
self-renunciation--this loyal surrender of himself to Nature and to
fact, he lacks, in my opinion, the first mark of a true philosopher.

Thus the earnest prosecutor of science, who does not work with the
idea of producing a sensation in the world, who loves the truth better
than the transitory blaze of to-day's fame, who comes to his task with
a single eye, finds in that task an indirect means of the highest
moral culture. And although the virtue of the act depends upon its
privacy, this sacrifice of self, this upright determination to accept
the truth, no matter how it may present itself--even at the hands of a
scientific foe, if necessary--carries with it its own reward. When
prejudice is put under foot and the stains of personal bias have been
washed away--when a man consents to lay aside his vanity and to become
Nature's organ--his elevation is the instant consequence of his
humility.

I should not wonder if my remarks provoked a smile, for they seem to
indicate that I regard the man of science as a heroic, if not indeed
an angelic, character; and cases may occur to you which indicate the
reverse. You may point to the quarrels of scientific men, to their
struggles for priority, to that unpleasant egotism which screams
around its little property of discovery like a scared plover about its
young. I will not deny all this; but let it be set down to its proper
account, to the weakness--or, if you will--to the selfishness of Man,
but not to the charge of Physical Science.

The second process in physical investigation is _deduction_, or the
advance of the mind from fixed principles to the conclusions which
flow from them. The rules of logic are the formal statement of this
process, which, however, was practised by every healthy mind before
ever such rules were written. In the study of Physics, induction and
deduction are perpetually wedded to each other. The man observes,
strips facts of their peculiarities of form, and tries to unite them
by their essences; having effected this, he at once deduces, and thus
checks his induction.

Here the grand difference between the methods at present followed, and
those of the ancients, becomes manifest. They were one-s