. vol. iv. p. 379.]

[Footnote 47: _History of Greece_, vol. ii. p. 330.]

[Footnote 48: Book ii., chap. 28.]

[Footnote 49: Book iv., chap. 52.]

[Footnote 50: _De Republica_, Lib. i. c. 16.]

[Footnote 51: _Washington Observations_, 1875, Appendix II., p. 33.]

[Footnote 52: _Hellenics_, Book iv., chap. 3, sec. 10.]

[Footnote 53: _Bibliothecae Historicae_, Lib. xx., cap. 1, sec. 5.]

[Footnote 54: _Historia_, Lib. xxii., cap. 6.]

[Footnote 55: _Phil. Trans._, vol. cxliii. pp. 187-91, 1853.]

[Footnote 56: _Hist. Rom._, Lib. xxii., cap. 1.]

[Footnote 57: _Hist. Rome_, Book xli., chap. 14.]

[Footnote 58: _Naturalium Questionum_, Lib. vii.]

[Footnote 59: Homer, _Odyssey_, vol. ii. p. 328. Clarendon Press
Series.]

[Footnote 60: _Washington Observations_, 1875, Appendix II., p. 18.]

CHAPTER XI.

ECLIPSES OF THE SUN MENTIONED IN HISTORY.--
THE CHRISTIAN ERA TO THE NORMAN CONQUEST.

The Christian Era is, for several reasons, a suitable point of time from
which to take a new departure in speaking of historical eclipses,
although the First Century, at least, might obviously be regarded as
belonging to classical history--but let that pass.

Dion Cassius[61] relates that on a date corresponding to March 28, A.D.
5, the Sun was partly eclipsed. Johnston says that the central line
passed over Norway and Sweden. It seems, perhaps, a little strange that
a writer who lived in Bithynia in the 3rd Century of the Christian Era
should have picked up any information about something that happened in
the extreme North of Europe two centuries previously. But probably the
eclipse must have been seen in Italy.

On November 24, A.D. 29, there happened an eclipse of the Sun which is
sometimes spoken of as the "eclipse of Phlegon." Eusebius, the
ecclesiastical historian, records Phlegon's testimony. Phlegon was a
native of Tralles in Lydia, and one of the Emperor Adrian's freedmen.
The eclipse in question happened at noon, and the stars were seen. It
was total, and the line of totality, according to Hind,[62] passed
across the Black Sea from near Odessa to Sinope, thence near the site of
Nineveh to the Persian Gulf. A partial eclipse with four-fifths of the
Sun's diameter covered was visible at Jerusalem. This is the only solar
eclipse which was visible at Jerusalem during the period usually fi