son; the
comic character in English pantomime, always dressed in baggy costume,
with face whitened and eccentrically painted, and a tufted wig. The
character probably descends from representations of the devil in
medieval miracle-plays, developed partly through the stage rustics and
partly through the fools or jesters (also called clowns) of the
Elizabethan drama. The whitened face and baggy costume indicate a
connexion also with the continental Pierrot. The prominence of the clown
in pantomime (q.v.) is a comparatively modern development as compared
with that of Harlequin.

CLOYNE, a small market town of Co. Cork, Ireland, in the east
parliamentary division, 15 m. E.S.E. of the city of Cork. Pop. (1901)
827. It gives its name to a Roman Catholic diocese, the cathedral of
which is at Queenstown. Cloyne was the seat of a Protestant diocese
until 1835, when it was united to that of Cork. It was originally a
foundation of the 6th century. The cathedral church, dedicated to its
founder St Colman, a disciple of St Finbar of Cork, is a plain cruciform
building mainly of the 14th century, with an earlier oratory in the
churchyard. It contains a few handsome monuments to its former bishops,
but until 1890, when a monument was erected, had nothing to preserve the
memory of the illustrious Dr George Berkeley, who held the see from 1734
to 1753. Opposite the cathedral is a very fine round tower 100 ft. in
height, though the conical roof has long been destroyed. The Roman
Catholic church is a spacious building of the early 19th century. The
town was several times plundered by the Danes in the 9th century; it was
laid waste by Dermot O'Brien in 1071, and was burned in 1137. In 1430
the bishopric was united to that of Cork; in 1638 it again became
independent, and in 1660 it was again united to Cork and Ross. In 1678
it was once more declared independent, and so continued till 1835. The
name, _Cluain-Uamha_, signifies "the meadow of the cave," from the
curious limestone caves in the vicinity. The Pipe Roll of Cloyne,
compiled by Bishop Swaffham in 1364, is a remarkable record embracing a
full account of the feudal tenures of the see, the nature of the
impositions, and the duties the _puri homines Sancti Colmani_ were bound
to perform at a very early period. The roll is preserved in the record
office, Dublin. It was edited by Richard Caulfield in 1859.

CLUB (connected with "clump"), (1) a thick stick, used as a weapon, o