lishing
clubs; and the name of "club" has been annexed by a large group of
associations which fall between the club proper and mere friendly
societies, of a purely periodic and temporary nature, such as slate,
goose and Christmas clubs, which are not required to be registered under
the Friendly Societies Act.

Thus it is seen that the modern club has little in common with its
prototypes in the 18th century. Of those which survive in London the
following may be mentioned: White's, originally established in 1698 as
White's Chocolate House, became the headquarters of the Tory party, but
is to-day no longer political. Brooks's (1764), originally the resort of
the Whigs, is no longer strictly associated with Liberalism. Boodle's
(1762) had a tradition of being the resort of country gentlemen, and
especially of masters of foxhounds. Arthur's (1765), originally an
offshoot of White's, has always been purely social. The Cocoa Tree
(1746) also survives as a social resort. Social clubs, without
club-houses, are represented by the Literary Club ("The Club"), founded
in 1764 by Sir Joshua Reynolds and Dr Johnson, and such recent
institutions as the Johnson Club, Ye Sette of Odd Volumes (founded by
Bernard Quaritch) and many others.

The number of regularly established clubs in London is now upwards of a
hundred. Of these the more important, with the dates of their
establishment, are: Army and Navy (1837); Athenaeum (1824), founded by
Sir Walter Scott and Thomas Moore "for the association of individuals
known for their scientific or literary attainments, artists of eminence
in any class of the fine arts, and noblemen and gentlemen distinguished
as liberal patrons of science, literature or the arts"; Bachelors'
(1881); Carlton (1832), the chief Conservative club; City Carlton
(1868); Conservative (1840); Constitutional (1883); Devonshire (1875);
East India United Service (1849); Garrick (1831), "for the general
patronage of the drama, for bringing together the supporters of the
drama, and for the formation of a theatrical library with works on
costume"; Guards (1813); Junior Athenaeum (1864); Junior Carlton (1864);
Marlborough (1869); National Liberal (1882); Oriental (1824); Oxford and
Cambridge (1830); Reform (1837), formerly the Liberal headquarters;
Savage (1857); St James's (1857), diplomatic; Travellers' (1819), for
which a candidate must have "travelled out of the British Islands to a
distance of at least 500 m. from London