ns on the Adoption
of the Federal Constitution, V, 538 (1836).

[3] The Federalist No. 84.

[4] McLaughlin, A Constitutional History of the United States, 203
(1936).

[5] Ames, The Proposed Amendments to the Constitution, 19 (1896).

[6] Annals of Congress, I, 424, 433.

[7] Monongahela Navigation Co. _v._ United States, 148 U.S. 312, 324
(1893).

[8] Ames, _op. cit._, 184, 185 (1896).

[9] Annals of Congress, 1, 755.

[10] Ibid.

[11] 7 Pet. 243 (1833); Lessee of Livingston _v._ Moore, 7 Pet. 469
(1833); Permoli _v._ New Orleans, 3 How. 589, 609 (1845); Fox _v._ Ohio,
5 How. 410 (1847); Smith _v._ Maryland, 18 How. 71 (1855); Withers _v._
Buckley, 20 How. 84 (1858); Pervear _v._ Massachusetts, 5 Wall. 475
(1867); Twitchell _v._ Pennsylvania, 7 Wall. 321 (1869).

[12] 20 Wall. 655, 669 (1875).

[13] Warren, The New "Liberty" Under the Fourteenth Amendment, 39 Harv.
L. Rev., 431, 436 (1926).

[14] Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36 (1873); Spies _v._ Illinois, 123
U.S. 131 (1887); O'Neil _v._ Vermont, 144 U.S. 323 (1892); Maxwell _v._
Dow, 176 U.S. 581 (1900); Patterson _v._ Colorado, 205 U.S. 454 (1907);
Twining _v._ New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78 (1908).

[15] Hurtado _v._ California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884).

[16] Ibid. 534, 535.

[17] Chicago, B. & Q.R. Co. _v._ Chicago, 166 U.S. 226 (1897).

[18] _See_ Twining _v._ New Jersey, 211 U.S. 78 (1908); Adamson _v._
California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947).

[19] _See_ Gitlow _v._ New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925); Beauharnais _v._
Illinois, 343 U.S. 250, 288 (1952).

AMENDMENT 1

RELIGION, FREE SPEECH, ETC.

Page
Absorption of Amendment I into the Fourteenth Amendment 757
"An establishment of religion" 758
"No preference" doctrine 758
"Wall of separation" doctrine 759
Zorach Case 762
Permissible monetary aids to religion 763
Free exercise of religion; dimensions 764
Parochial schools 765
Free exercise of religion; federal restraints 765
Free exercise of religion; State and local restraints 766
Free exercise of religion; obligations of citizenship 768
Freedom of speech and press