ess of Ionian philosophy. The Eleatic
philosophers. The Sophists. Socrates the first moral philosopher (b.
469 B.C.). Platonic philosophy develops the ideal. Aristotle the
master mind of the Greeks. Other schools. Results obtained in Greek
philosophy.

XIV. THE GREEK SOCIAL POLITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

The struggle for Greek equality and liberty. The Greek government an
expanded family. Athenian government a type of Grecian democracy.
Constitution of Solon seeks a remedy. Cleisthenes continues the
reforms of Solon. Athenian democracy failed in obtaining its best and
highest development. The Spartan state differs from all others. Greek
colonization spreads knowledge. The conquests of Alexander.
Contributions of Greece to civilization.

XV. ROMAN CIVILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

The Romans differed in nature from the Greeks. The social structure of
early Rome and that of early Greece. Civil organization of Rome. The
struggle for liberty. The development of government. The development
of law is the most remarkable phase of the Roman civilization.
Influence of the Greek life on Rome. Latin literature and language.
Development of Roman art. Decline of the Roman Empire. Summary of
Roman civilization.

XVI. THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Important factors in the foundation of Western civilization. The
social contacts of the Christian religion. Social conditions at the
beginning of the Christian era. The contact of Christianity with
social life. Christianity influenced the legislation of the times.
Christians come into conflict with civil authority. The wealth of the
church accumulates. Development of the hierarchy. Attempt to dominate
the temporal powers. Dogmatism. The church becomes the conservator of
knowledge. Service of Christianity.

{x}

XVII. TEUTONIC INFLUENCE ON CIVILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . 281

The coming of the barbarians. Importance of Teutonic influence.
Teutonic liberty. Tribal life. Classes of society. The home and the
home life. Political assemblies. General social customs. The
economic life. Contributions to law.

XVIII. FEUDAL SOCIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Feudalism a transition of social order. There are two elementary
sources of feudalism. The feudal system in its developed state based
on land-holding. Other elements of feud