Even in modern civilization
the effect of poor food on intellect, morals, and social order is
easily observed.

_Progress Is Estimated by Different Forms of Social Order_.--It is only
a more general way of estimating political life, and perhaps a broader
way, for it includes the entire social development. By this
classification man is first represented as wandering in a solitary
state with the smallest amount of association with his fellows
necessary to his existence and perpetuation, and with no social
organization. This status of man is hypothetical, and gives only a
starting point for the philosophy of higher development. No savage
tribes have yet been discovered in which there was not at least
association of individuals in groups, although organization might not
yet have appeared. It is true that some of the lower tribes, like the
Fuegians of South America, have very tentative forms of social and
political association. They wander in loosely constructed groups,
which constantly shift in association, being without permanent
organization. Yet the purely solitary man is merely conjectural.

It is common for writers to make a classification of social groups into
primary and secondary.[2] The primary social groups are: first, the
family based upon biological relations, supported by the habit of
association; second, the play group of children, in which primitive
characters of social order appear, and a third group is the association
of adults in a neighborhood meeting. In the formation of these groups,
the process of social selection is always in evidence. Impulse,
feeling, and emotion play the greater parts in the formation of these
primitive groups, while choice based on rational selection seldom
appears.

The secondary groups are those which originate through the
differentiation of social functions in which the contact of individuals
is less intimate than in the primary group. Such voluntary
associations as a church, labor organization, or {42} scientific
society may be classified as secondary in time and in importance.

Next above the human horde is represented the forced association of men
in groups, each group struggling for its own existence. Within the
group there was little protection and little social order, although
there was more or less authority of leadership manifested. This state
finally led to the establishment of rudimentary forms of government,
based upon blood relationship. These grou