le domesticated in Asia,
depends upon the culture of Europe for his large and extended use, and
has spread over the world. We find that in the historic period the
Aryan people everywhere made use of the domesticated goat, horse, and
dog. In the northern part of Europe, the reindeer early became of
great service to the inhabitants for milk, meat, and clothing. The
great supply of milk and meat from domesticated animals added
tremendously to the food supply of the race, and made it possible for
it to develop in other lines. Along with the food supply has been the
use of these animals for increasing the clothing supply through hides,
furs, skins, and wool. The domestication of animals laid the
foundation for great economic advancement.

_The Beginnings of Agriculture Were Very Meagre_.--Man had gathered
seeds and fruit and berries for many years before he conceived the
notion of planting seeds and cultivating crops. It appears to be a
long time before he knew enough to gather seeds and plant them for a
harvest. Having discovered this, it was only necessary to have the
will and energy to prepare the soil, sow the seed, and harvest a crop
in order to enter upon agriculture. But to learn this simple act must
have required many crude experiments. In the migrations of mankind
they adopted a little intermittent agriculture, planting the grains
while the tribe paused for pasture of flocks and herds, and resting
long enough for a crop to be harvested. {94} They gradually began to
supplement the work of the pastoral with temporary agriculture, which
was used as a means of supplementing the food supply. It was not until
people settled in permanent habitations and ceased their pastoral
wanderings that real agriculture became established. Even then it was
a crude process, and, like every other economic industry of ancient
times, its development was excessively slow.

The wandering tribes of North America at the time of the discovery had
reached the state of raising an occasional crop of corn. Indeed, some
tribes were quite constant in limited agriculture. The sedentary
Indians of New Mexico, old Mexico, and Peru also cultivated corn and
other plants, as did those of Central America. The first tillage of
the soil was meagre, and the invention of agricultural implements
proceeded slowly. At first wandering savages carried a pointed stick
to dig up the roots and tubers used for food. The first agriculturists
used stick