e greatly
enhanced for all classes.

_Civilization Can Be Estimated_.--This brief presentation of the
meaning of civilization reveals the fact that civilization can be
recounted; that it is a question of fact and philosophy that can be
measured. It is the story of human progress and {17} the causes which
made it. It presents the generalizations of all that is valuable in
the life of the race. It is the epitome of the history of humanity in
its onward sweep. In its critical sense it cannot be called history,
for it neglects details for general statements. Nor is it the
philosophy of history, for it covers a broader field. It is not
speculation, for it deals with fact. It is the philosophy of man's
life as to the results of his activity. It shows alike the unfolding
of the individual and of society, and it represents these in every
phase embraced in the word "progress." To recount this progress and to
measure civilization is the purpose of the following pages, so far as
it may be done in the limited space assigned.

SUBJECTS FOR FURTHER STUDY

1. Are people of civilized races happier now than are the uncivilized
races?

2. Would the American Indians in time have developed a high state of
civilization?

3. Why do we not find a high state of civilization among the African
negroes?

4. What are the material evidences of civilization in the neighborhood
in which you live?

5. Does increased knowledge alone insure an advanced civilization?

6. Choose an important public building in your neighborhood and trace
the sources of architecture of the different parts.

{18}

CHAPTER II

THE ESSENTIALS OF PROGRESS

_How Mankind Goes Forward on the Trail_.--Although civilization cannot
exist without it, progress is something different from the sum-total of
the products of civilization. It may be said to be the process through
which civilization is obtained, or, perhaps more fittingly, it is the
log of the course that marks civilization. There can be no conception
of progress without ideals, which are standards set up toward which
humanity travels. And as humanity never rises above its ideals, the
possibilities of progress are limited by them. If ideals are high,
there are possibilities of a high state of culture; if they are low,
the possibilities are lessened, and, indeed, frequently are barren of
results. But having established ideals as beacon lights for humanity
to follow, the final test