tc. This condition is usually followed by a dull,
stupid state, in which the animal stands with his head down, dull and
irresponsive to external stimuli. Cerebral depression also occurs in the
severe febrile infectious diseases, in chronic hydrocephalus, in chronic
diseases of the liver, in poisoning with a narcotic substance, and with
chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestines.

Fainting is a symptom that is not often seen in horses. When it occurs
it is shown by unsteadiness of gait, tottering, and, finally, inability
to stand. The cause usually lies in a defect of the small brain, or
cerebellum. This defect may be merely in respect of the blood supply, to
congestion, or to anemia, and in this case it is likely to pass away and
may never return, or it may be due to some permanent cause, as a tumor
or an abscess, or it may result from a hemorrhage, from a defect of the
valves of the heart, or from poisoning.

Loss of consciousness is known as coma. It is caused by hemorrhage in
the brain, by profound exhaustion, or may result from a saturation of
the system with the poison of some disease. Coma may follow upon
cerebral depression, which occurs as a secondary state of inflammation
of the brain.

Where the sensibility of a part is increased the condition is known as
hyperesthesia, and where it is lost--that is, where there is no feeling
or knowledge of pain--the condition is known as anesthesia. The former
usually accompanies some chronic disease of the spinal cord or the
earlier stages of irritation of a nerve trunk. Hyperesthesia is
difficult to detect in a nervous, irritable animal, and sometimes even
in a horse of less sensitive temperament. An irritable, sensitive spot
may be found surrounded by skin that is not sensitive to pressure. This
is sometimes a symptom of beginning of inflammation of the brain.
Anesthesia occurs in connection with cerebral and spinal paralysis,
section of a nerve trunk leading to a part, in severe mental depression,
and in narcotic poisoning.

URINARY AND SEXUAL ORGANS.

In considering the examination of the urinary and sexual organs we may
consider, at the beginning, a false impression that prevails to an
astonishing extent. Many horsemen are in the habit of pressings upon the
back of a horse over the loins or of sliding the ends of the fingers
along on either side of the median line of this region. If the horse
depresses his back it is at once said "his kidneys are weak." Nothi