ll in quantity,
neutral or slightly acid in reaction, and of a temperature of from 90 deg.
to 100 deg. F. These, like feeds given by the rectum, should be introduced
only after the last bowel has been emptied by the hand or by copious
injections of tepid water. Enemas, or clysters, if to aid the action of
physics, should be in quantities sufficient to distend the bowel and
cause the animal to eject them. Simple water, salt and water, or soap
and water, in quantities of a gallon or more, may be given every half
hour. It is best that the horse retain them for some little time, as the
liquid serves to moisten the dung and favors a passage. Stimulating
enemas, as glycerin, should be administered after those already
mentioned have emptied the last bowel, with the purpose of still further
increasing the natural motion of the intestines and aiding the purging
medicine.

Liquids may be thrown into the rectum by the means of a large syringe or
a pump. A very good "irrigator" can be bought of any tinsmith at a
trifling cost, and should be constantly at hand on every stock farm. It
consists of a funnel about 6 inches deep and 7 inches in diameter, which
is to be furnished with a prolongation to which a piece of rubber hose,
such as small garden hose, 4 feet long may be attached. The hose, well
oiled, is to be inserted gently into the rectum about 2 feet. The liquid
to be injected may then be poured in the funnel and the pressure of the
atmosphere will force it into the bowels. This appliance is better than
the more complicated and expensive ones.

Ordinary cold water or even ice-cold water is highly recommended by many
as a rectal injection for horses overcome by the excessive heat of
summer, and may be given by this simple pipe.

BY THE GENITO-URINARY PASSAGES.--This method of medication is especially
useful in treating local diseases of the genito-urinary organs. It finds
its chief application in the injection and cleansing of the uterus and
vagina. For this purpose a large syringe or the irrigator described
above may be used.

BY THE BLOOD.--Injections directly into veins are to be practiced by
medical or veterinary practitioners only, as are probably some other
means of giving medicines--intratracheal injections, etc.

[Illustration: PLATE III.

DIGESTIVE APPARATUS.

1. Mouth. 2. Pharynx. 3. Esophagus. 4. Diaphragm. 5. Spleen. 6. Stomach.
7. Duodenum. 8. Liver, upper extremity. 9. Large colon. 10. Cecum. 11.
Small int