l the adhesion is formed.

DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA.--This consists of the passage of any of the
abdominal viscera through a rent in the diaphragm (midriff) into the
cavity of the thorax. It is a rather rare accident, and one often
impossible to diagnose during life. Colicky symptoms, accompanied with
great difficulty in breathing, and the peculiar position so often
assumed (that of sitting upon the haunches), are somewhat characteristic
of this trouble, though these symptoms, as we have already seen, may be
present during diseases of the stomach or anterior portion of the
bowels. Even could we diagnose with certainty this form of hernia, there
is little or nothing that can be done. Leading the horse up a very steep
gangway or causing him to rear up may possibly cause the hernial portion
to return to its natural position. This is not enough, however; it must
be kept there.

PERITONITIS.

Peritonitis is an inflammation of the serous membrane lining the cavity
of and covering the viscera contained within the abdomen. It is very
rare to see a case of primary peritonitis. It is, however, somewhat
common as a secondary disease from extension of the inflammatory action
involving organs covered by the peritoneum. Peritonitis is often caused
by injuries, as punctured wounds of the abdomen, severe blows or kicks,
or, as is still more common, following the operation of castration. It
follows strangulated hernia, invagination, or rupture of the stomach,
intestines, liver, or womb.

_Symptoms._--Peritonitis is mostly preceded by a chill; the horse is not
disposed to move, and, if compelled to do so, moves with a stiff or sore
gait; he paws with the front feet and may strike at his belly with the
hind ones; lies down very carefully; as the pain is increased while
down, he maintains the standing position during most of the time; he
walks uneasily about the stall. Constipation is usually present.
Pressure on the belly causes acute pain, and the horse will bite,
strike, or kick if so disturbed; the abdomen is tucked up; the
extremities are fine and cold. The temperature is higher than normal,
reaching from 102 deg. to 104 deg. F. The pulse in peritonitis is rather
characteristic; it is quickened, beating from 70 to 90 beats a minute,
and is hard and wiry. This peculiarity of the pulse occurs in
inflammation of the serous membrane, and if accompanied with colicky
symptoms, and, in particular, if following any injuries, accidental or