ows. It has already been stated that the pleura is closely
adherent to the lung. The pleura on this account is frequently more or
less affected by the spreading of the inflammation from the lung tissue.
There is a combination of the symptoms of both diseases, but to the
ordinary observer the symptoms of pleurisy are the most obvious. The
course of treatment to be pursued differs in no manner from that given
for the affections when they occur independently. The symptoms will be
the guide as to the advisability of giving oil and laudanum for the pain
if the pleurisy is very severe. It should not be resorted to unless it
is necessary to allay the pain.

BRONCHO-PLEUROPNEUMONIA.

This is the term or terms applied when bronchitis, pleurisy, and
pneumonia all exist at once. It is impossible for one who is not an
expert to diagnose the state with certainty. The apparent symptoms are
the same as when the animal is affected with pleuropneumonia.

SUPPURATION AND ABSCESS IN THE LUNG.

There are instances, and especially when the surroundings of the patient
have been bad or the disease is of an especially severe type, when
pneumonia terminates in an abscess in the lung. Sometimes, when the
inflammation has been extreme, suppuration in a large portion of the
lung takes place. Impure air, the result of improper ventilation, is
among the most frequent causes of this termination. The symptoms of
suppuration in the lung are chronic pneumonia, a solidified area of lung
tissue, continued low fever, and, in some cases, offensive smell of the
breath, and the discharge of the matter from the nostrils.

MORTIFICATION.

Gangrene, or mortification, means the death of the part affected.
Occasionally, owing to the intensity of the inflammation or bad
treatment, pneumonia and pleuropneumonia terminate in mortification,
which is soon followed by the death of the animal. Perhaps the most
common cause of this complication is the presence of a foreign body in
the lung, as food particles or medicine. Rough drenching or drenching
through the nostrils may cause this serious condition.

HEMOPTYSIS, OR BLEEDING FROM THE LUNGS.

Bleeding from the lungs may occur during the course of congestion of the
lungs, bronchitis, pneumonia, influenza, purpura hemorrhagica, or
glanders. An accident or exertion may cause a rupture of a vessel.
Plethora and hypertrophy of the heart predispose to it. Following the
rupture of a vessel the blood may escape