to rid the system of
the excess of bile, and this is best accomplished by giving purgatives
that act upon the liver. Calomel, 2 drams, with aloes, 7 drams, should
be given. Glauber's salt in handful doses once or twice a day for a week
is also effective. May apple, rhubarb, castor oil, and other cathartics
that act upon the first or small bowels may be selected. We must be
careful to see that the bowels are kept open by avoiding hard, dry,
bulky feeds.

RUPTURE OF THE LIVER.

This is known to occur at times in the horse, most frequently in old,
fat horses and those that get but little exercise. Horses that have
suffered from chronic liver disease for years eventually present
symptoms of colic and die quite suddenly. Upon post-mortem examination
we discover that the liver has ruptured. The cicatrices, or scars, that
are often found upon the liver indicate that this organ may suffer
_small_ rupture and yet the horse may recover from it. This can not be
the result, however, if the rent or tear is extensive, since in such
cases death must quickly follow from hemorrhage, or, later, from
peritonitis. Enlarged liver is particularly liable to rupture.

The immediate causes of rupture appear to be excessive muscular
exertion, as leaping a fence, a fall, a blow from a collision, a kick
from a horse, or sudden distention of the abdomen with gas.

The symptoms of rupture of the liver will depend upon the extent of the
laceration. If slight, there will be simply the symptoms of abdominal
pain, looking back to the sides, lying down, etc.; if extensive, the
horse is dull and dejected, has no appetite, breathing becomes short and
catching, he sighs or sobs, visible mucous membranes are pale,
extremities cold, pulse fast, small, and weak or running down.
Countenance now shows much distress, he sweats profusely, totters in his
gait, props his legs wide apart, reels, staggers, and falls. He may get
up again, but soon falls dead. The rapid running-down pulse, paleness of
the eyes, nose, and mouth, sighing, stertorous breathing, tottering
gait, etc., are symptoms by which we know that the animal is dying from
internal hemorrhage.

_Treatment._--But little can be done in the way of treatment. Opium in
powder, in doses of 2 drams every two or three hours, may be given, with
the idea of preventing as much as possible all movements of internal
organs. If there is reason to suspect internal bleeding, we should give
large and frequent do