e safely in solution, and these are liable
to crystallize out and form stone and gravel. Similarly the passage, in
the sweat, of some of the solids that normally leave the body, dissolved
in the urine, serves to irritate the skin and produce troublesome
eruptions.

PROMINENT CAUSES OF URINARY DISORDERS.

A disordered liver contributes to the production under different
circumstances of an excess of biliary coloring matter which stains the
urine; of an excess of hippuric acid and allied products which, being
less soluble than urea (the normal product of tissue change), favor the
formation of stone, of taurocholic acid, and other bodies that tend when
in excess to destroy the blood globules and to cause irritation of the
kidneys by the resulting hemoglobin excreted in the urine, and of
glycogen too abundant to be burned up in the system, which induces
saccharine urine (diabetes). Any disorder leading to impaired functional
activity of the lungs is causative of an excess of hippuric acid and
allied bodies, of oxalic acid, of sugar, etc., in the urine, which
irritate the kidneys, even if they do not produce solid deposits in the
urinary passages. Diseases of the nervous system, and notably of the
base of the brain and of the spinal cord, induce various urinary
disorders, prominent among which are diabetes, chylous urine, and
albuminuria. Certain affections, with imperfect nutrition or destructive
waste of the bony tissues, tend to charge the urine with phosphates of
lime and magnesia and endanger the formation of stone and gravel. In all
extensive inflammations and acute fevers the liquids of the urine are
diminished, while the solids (waste products), which should form the
urinary secretion, are increased, and the surcharged urine proves
irritant to the urinary organs or the retained waste products poison the
system at large.

Diseases of the heart and lungs, by interfering with the free, onward
flow of the blood from the right side of the heart, tend to throw that
liquid back on the veins, and this backward pressure of venous blood
strongly tends to disorders of the kidneys. Certain poisons taken with
the feed and water, notably that found in magnesian limestone and those
found in irritant, diuretic plants, are especially injurious to the
kidneys, as are also various cryptogams, whether in musty hay or oats.
The kidneys may be irritated by feeding green vegetables covered with
hoar frost or by furnishing an excess of