f the body of the bladder with spasm of the neck has been
described under the last heading, and may occur in the same way from
overdistention in tetanus, acute rheumatism, paraplegia, and hemiplegia,
in which the animal can not stretch himself to urinate, and in cystitis,
affecting the body of the bladder but not the neck. In all these cases
the urine is suppressed. It also occurs as a result of disease of the
posterior end of the spinal marrow and with broken back, and is then
associated with palsy of the tail, and, it may be, of the hind limbs.

_Symptoms._--The symptoms are a constant dribbling of urine when the
neck is involved, the liquid running down the inside of the thighs and
irritating the skin. When the neck is unaffected the urine is retained
until the bladder is greatly overdistended, when it may be expelled in a
gush by the active contraction of the muscular walls of the abdomen;
this never empties the bladder, however, and the oiled hand introduced
through the rectum may feel the soft, flabby organ still half full of
urine. This retained urine is liable to decompose and give off ammonia,
which dissolves the epithelial cells, exposing the raw, mucous membrane
and causing the worst type of cystitis. Suppression and incontinence of
urine are common also to obstruction of the urethra by stone or
otherwise; hence this source of fallacy should be excluded by manual
examination along the whole course of that duct.

_Treatment._--Treatment is only applicable in cases in which the
determining cause can be abated. In remedial sprains of the back or
disease of the spinal cord these must have appropriate treatment, and
the urine must be drawn off frequently with a catheter to prevent
overdistention and injury to the bladder. If the paralysis persists
after recovery of the spinal cord, or if it continues after relief of
spasm of the neck of the bladder, apply a pulp of mustard and water over
the back part of the belly in front of the udder, and cover with a rug
until the hair stands erect. In the male the mustard may be applied
between the thighs from near the anus downward. Daily doses of 2 drams
extract of belladonna or of 2 grains powdered Spanish fly may serve to
rouse the lost tone. These failing, a mild current of electricity daily
may succeed.

INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER (CYSTITIS, OR UROCYSTITIS).

Cystitis may be slight or severe, acute or chronic, partial or general.
It may be caused by abuse of diuret