st intense pain;
they throw themselves, roll over and over, jump up, whirl about, drop
down again, paw, or strike rather, with the front feet, steam and sweat,
and make frequent attempts to pass their urine. Only a small quantity of
water is passed at a time; this is due to the bladder being so
frequently emptied. These attempts to urinate are often regarded by
horsemen as symptoms of trouble of the kidneys or bladder. In reality
they are only one of the many ways in which the horse expresses the
presence of pain. As a matter of fact, diseases of the bladder or
kidneys of the horse are exceedingly rare.

To recapitulate the symptoms of spasmodic colic: The history of the
case, the type of horse, the suddenness of the attack, the increased
intestinal sounds, the intervals of ease (which become of shorter
duration as the case progresses), the violent pain, the normal
temperature and pulse during the intervals of ease, the frequent
attempts to urinate, etc., should be kept in mind, and there is then but
little danger of confounding this with other forms of colic.

_Treatment._--Since the pain is due to spasm or cramp of the bowels,
medicines that overcome spasms--antispasmodics--are the ones indicated.
Chloral hydrate may be used. This is to be given in a dose of 1 ounce in
a pint of water as a drench. As this drug is irritant to the throat and
stomach, it has to be well diluted. A common and good remedy is
sulphuric ether and laudanum, of each 2 ounces, in a half pint of
linseed oil. Another drench may be composed of 2 ounces each of
sulphuric ether and alcohol in 8 ounces of water. If nothing else is at
hand give whisky, one-half pint in hot water. Jamaica ginger is useful.
If relief is not obtained in one hour from any of the above doses, they
may then be repeated. The body should be warmly clothed and perspiration
induced. Blankets dipped in very hot water to which a small quantity of
turpentine has been added should be placed around the belly and covered
with dry blankets or the abdomen may be rubbed with stimulating
liniments or mustard water. The difficulty, however, of applying hot
blankets and keeping them in place forces us in most instances to
dispense with them. If the cramp is due to irritants in the bowels, a
cure is not complete until a cathartic of 1 ounce of aloes or 1 pint of
linseed oil is given. Injections of warm, soapy water or salt and water
into the rectum aid the cure.

Rectal injections, clyste