ored at times if we apply hot fomentations immediately about the
obstruction. Persist in these efforts for at least an hour before
deciding to resort to other and more dangerous modes of treatment. If
unsuccessful, however, the probang may be used. In the absence of the
regular instrument, a piece of inch hose 6 feet long or a piece of new
three-quarter-inch manila rope well wrapped at the end with cotton twine
and thoroughly greased with tallow should be used. The mouth is to be
kept open by a gag of wood or iron and the head slightly raised and
extended. The probang is then to be carefully guided by the hand into
the upper part of the gullet and gently forced downward until the
obstruction is reached. Pressure must then be gradual and firm. At first
too much force should not be used, or the esophagus will be ruptured.
Firm, gentle pressure should be kept up until the object is felt to
move, after which it should be followed rapidly to the stomach. If this
mode of treatment is unsuccessful, a veterinarian or a physician should
be called, who can remove the object by cutting down upon it. This
should scarcely be attempted by a novice, as a knowledge of the anatomy
of the parts is essential to avoid cutting the large artery, vein, and
nerve that are closely related to the esophagus in its cervical
portion.

Thoracic choke can be treated only by means of the introduction of oils
and mucilaginous drinks and the careful use of the probang.

STRICTURE OF THE ESOPHAGUS.

This is due to corrosive medicines, previous choking (accompanied with
lacerations, which, in healing, narrow the passage), or pressure on the
gullet by tumors. In the majority of cases of stricture, dilatation of
the gullet in front of the constricted portion soon occurs. This
dilatation is the result of the frequent accumulation of solid feed
above the constriction. Little can be done in either of these instances
except to give sloppy or liquid feed.

SACULAR DILATATION OF THE ESOPHAGUS.

This follows choking, and is due to stretching or rupture of the
muscular coat of the gullet, allowing the internal, or mucous, coat to
protrude through the lacerated muscular walls. Such a dilatation, or
pouch, may gradually enlarge from the frequent imprisonment of feed.
When liquids are taken, the solid materials are partially washed out of
the pouch.

The symptoms are as follows: The horse is able to swallow a few
mouthfuls without apparent difficulty; then