ing. All the
auxiliaries, except _do, be_, and _have_, if we compare them with other
verbs, are defective; but, _as auxiliaries_, they lack nothing; for no
complete verb is used throughout as an auxiliary, except _be_. And since an
auxiliary differs essentially from a principal verb, the propriety of
referring _may, can, must_, and _shall_, to the class of defective verbs,
is at least questionable. In parsing there is never any occasion to _call_
them defective verbs, because they are always taken together with their
principals. And though we may technically say, that their participles are
"_wanting_," it is manifest that none are _needed_.

OBS. 2. _Will_ is sometimes used as a principal verb, and as such it is
regular and complete; _will, willed, willing, willed_: as, "His Majesty
_willed_ that they should attend."--_Clarendon_. "He _wills_ for them a
happiness of a far more exalted and enduring nature."--_Gurney_. "Whether
thou _willest_ it to be a minister to our pleasure."--_Harris_. "I _will_;
be thou clean."--_Luke_, v, 13. "Nevertheless, not as I _will_, but as thou
_will_."--_Matt._, xxvi, 39. "To _will_ is present with me."--_Rom._, vii,
18. But _would_ is sometimes also a principal verb; as, "What _would_ this
man?"--_Pope_. "Would God that all the Lord's people were
prophets."--_Numb._, xi, 29. "And Israel _would_ none of me."--_Psalm_,
lxxxi, 11. If we refer this indefinite preterit to the same root, _will_
becomes redundant; _will, willed_ or _would, willing, willed_. In respect
to time, _would_ is less definite than _willed_, though both are called
preterits. It is common, and perhaps best, to consider them distinct verbs.
The latter only can be a participle: as,

"How rarely does it meet with this time's guise,
When man was _will'd_ to love his enemies!"--_Shakspeare_.

OBS. 3. The remaining defective verbs are only five or six questionable
terms, which our grammarians know not well how else to explain; some of
them being now nearly obsolete, and others never having been very proper.
_Begone_ is a needless coalition of _be_ and _gone_, better written
separately, unless Dr. Johnson is right in calling the compound an
_interjection_: as,

"Begone! the goddess cries with stern disdain,
Begone! nor dare the hallow'd stream to stain!"--_Addison_.

_Beware_ also seems to be a needless compound of _be_ and the old adjective
_ware_, wary, aware, cautious. Both these are, of course, used only in