English Gram._, p.
66. "We say, _if it rains, suppose it rains_, lest _it should rain_, unless
_it rains_. This manner of speaking is called the SUBJUNCTIVE
mode."--_Weld's Gram._, 2d Ed., p. 72; Abridged Ed., 59. "He is arrived at
what is deemed the age of manhood."--_Priestley's Gram._, 163. "He had much
better have let it alone."--_Tooke's Diversions_, i, 43. "He were better be
without it."--_Locke, on Education_, p. 105. "Hadest not thou been
by."--_Beauties of Shak._, p. 107. "I learned geography. Thou learnedest
arithmetick. He learned grammar."--_Fuller's Gram._, p. 34. "Till the sound
is ceased."--_Sheridan's Elocution_, p. 126. "Present, die; Preterit, died;
Perf. Participle, dead."--_British Gram._, p. 158; _Buchanan's_, 58;
_Priestley's_, 48; _Ash's_, 45; _Fisher's_, 71; _Bicknell's_, 73.

"Thou bowed'st thy glorious head to none, feared'st none."
--_Pollok_, B. viii, l. 603.

"Thou look'st upon thy boy as though thou guessedst it."
--_N. A. Reader_, p. 320.

"As once thou slept'st, while she to life was form'd"
--_Milt., P. L._, B. xi, l. 369.

"Who finds the partridge in the puttock's nest,
But may imagine how the bird was dead?"
--SHAK.: _Joh. Dict._

"Which might have well becom'd the best of men."
--_Id., Ant. and Cleop._

CHAPTER VII.--PARTICIPLES.

A Participle is a word derived from a verb, participating the properties of
a verb, and of an adjective or a noun; and is generally formed by adding
_ing, d_, or _ed_, to the verb: thus, from the verb _rule_, are formed
three participles, two simple and one compound; as, 1. _ruling_, 2.
_ruled_, 3. _having ruled_.

OBSERVATIONS.

OBS. 1.--Almost all verbs and participles seem to have their very essence
in _motion_, or _the privation of motion_--in _acting_, or _ceasing to
act_. And to all motion and rest, _time_ and _place_ are necessary
concomitants; nor are the ideas of _degree_ and _manner_ often irrelevant.
Hence the use of _tenses_ and of _adverbs_. For whatsoever comes to pass,
must come to pass _sometime_ and _somewhere_; and, in every event,
something must be affected _somewhat_ and _somehow_. Hence it is evident
that those grammarians are right, who say, that "_all participles imply
time_." But it does not follow, that the _English_ participles _divide_
time, like the tenses of a verb, and _specify_ the period of action; on the
contrary, it is certain and manifest, that